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improvements needs to maintained and analysed over a lengthy period (say 3 years) to obtain meaningful results; analysis should be PC based. Accident Prevention As part of its role in planning traffic strategy and designing schemes, the traffic management agency should: § Promote safety throughout scheme planning and design; the concepts of safety audits (in which all but the simplest of schemes are subject to scrutiny by traffic management designers who were not involved in the original scheme planning and design) is worthy of consideration; § Plan and design of speed limits and appropriate speed controls including traffic calming measures § Plan and design policies and measures to meet the needs of vulnerable road users including pedestrians (particularly children) and cyclists Accident Reduction A well run "traffic management agency" should approach safety on a comprehensive basis and a priority task should be the conduct of a safety review of the city's traffic system and preparation of a comprehensive "traffic management safety program". While the occurrence of road accidents cannot be reduced by traffic management measures alone, they can do much to alleviate specific problems by: § simple actions such as improved road marking and signing to ensure that drivers receive warnings of hazards and are given clear, unambiguous directions to lanes, routes etc § junction modifications such as re-phasing traffic signals or prohibition of some movements to reduce conflicts or minor realignments § comprehensive re-design or treatment of road sections to balance the needs of all road users and to provide safe facilities. Traffic Regulation Enforcement Enforcement of traffic regulations by the police is essential to safe traffic operations but in many developing cities, traffic police are ineffective, training and equipment are lacking (see Ch 7 for detailed discussion). Safety Experience in World Bank Projects Road safety is often stated as one of the objectives of traffic management components of Bank projects but there has been little, if any, systematic evaluation of the components and thus no impact analysis is possible. There is a need for more rigorous § definition of safety objectives and targets at project appraisals; § systematic safety programs; and § monitoring of targets and indicators |
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7.1.1. “Transport is an intermediate service – it is a means to an end. Transport alone cannot reduce poverty …… Transport reduces absolute poverty mainly by increasing economic efficiency – by lowering costs and prices and enhancing opportunities”[20].
7.1.2. In most cities in the developing world, travel by the urban poor is by bus, para-transit, walking and cycling. Regular travel by taxi, motorised rickshaw-taxi (such as cities in India) or similar cities tends to be by the better off and, of course, car travel is not a mode available to most poor people. Even in cities where suburban rail is predominant (such as Mumbai), road based transport comprising buses and walking play major roles. In cities where metros exist, it is still probable that most mechanised journeys are by bus (see Mass Rapid Transit paper).
7.1.3. There are no known studies or research on the impact on poor people of urban traffic management. It appears to be the implicit view that urban transport projects need not be focussed explicitly on poverty reduction since some reduction in poverty will result by increasing economic efficiency through general improvements in the transport system arising from reduced travel times, costs and, fares as a result of lower costs. Thus, it is implicitly assumed that good traffic management can assist the urban poor by improving general transport operating conditions. This is probably the case as the modes used by the poor -- buses-walking-bicycling -- will benefit from appropriately directed traffic management. However, the TOR go on to pose the question “to what extent is TM used to improve conditions for private vehicle users rather than pedestrians, bicycles and buses”. This of course implies that traffic management measures tend to favour cars and thus the richer section of the community.
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