Urban Transport Strategy. Management in Developing Countries John A Cracknell, страница 48

c)  the desire of the traffic police to maintain control over what they perceive as “their functions”.  This applies particularly to traffic signals systems.  The integration of traffic police and city traffic authorities can prove difficult;

d)  the view sometimes held by the traffic police that their training programs are adequate, need no outside “interference” and that there are legal, security and institutional constraints (for example, the national status of some traffic police forces) to change and traffic planners are an interference; and

e)  as with traffic management training for planners, there is a reluctance to commit project resources to a non-physical program.

5.6.5.      Clearly, traffic management measures should be made as “self enforcing” as practicable.  There are obvious traffic measures which require little enforcement (such as one way streets) but compliance with other regulations depends largely on drivers’ perception of risk and the implications of being subject to enforcement action.  Road signing and marking should direct drivers clearly and where possible schemes should be as close to “self enforcing” as practicable.  Schemes should “design out” the ability and inclination for drivers to commit traffic offences and example might include:

a)  strong direction of traffic through physical measures (channelisation, physical dividers between bus and traffic streams for bus priority measures, etc) to prevent prohibited movements;

b)  guard-rails-barriers to discourage illegal parking at kerbsides; and

c)  traffic calming on local roads to limit speeds.

5.6.6.      Nevertheless, if traffic management is to be successful and is to become increasingly sophisticated (for example the use of time based schemes or selective vehicle prohibitions as used in developed cities has much to offer in developing cities if they can be made to work) then the traffic police must be involved in traffic management development and design stages.  For this participation to be effective, police must be better able to understand traffic matters and this involves improved training and better promotion of traffic management by city traffic planners to the traffic police.

5.6.7.      It has been noted in Chapter 3 that traffic police corruption in the enforcement of regulations and the application of sanctions is a series issue in some countries.  The resolution of the issue is complex and will involve a combination of actions and procedures.  Training can assist by creating appropriate attitudes among the traffic police.

5.6.8.      As with training for professional transport planners and engineers, a systematic approach is needed to train traffic police in traffic regulation matters.  Training for traffic police is a specialist task and few traffic engineers have an adequate background to identify and plan appropriate programs.  Programs can only be devised by traffic police specialists.  Furthermore, operational methods of traffic police forces vary widely

from country to country and training must conform with local cultures (although of course, it will sometimes be advantageous to improve operational practices) and have a high local input in its preparation.  Project preparation guidelines are needed.  Although not yet applied, the procedures suggested for the systematic preparation of a police training program in the Moscow Urban Transport Project are worthy of further consideration: