Urban Transport Strategy. Management in Developing Countries John A Cracknell, страница 12

Trends in traffic management

Traffic management continues to progress in developed cities and some recent trends will find increasing application in developing cities:

Public involvement - public information, consultation and participation are integral parts of planning and implementation of traffic and transport schemes in developed cities.  Many, but by no means all, developing cities have similar process.  Public involvement takes time and resources but the effort is off-set by resolving public concerns for traffic schemes with resulting fewer problems with implementation and should be the policy in any project;

Traffic Demand Responsive Area Traffic Control (ATC) – ATC is already well established in developing cities but as real costs of equipment reduce and reliability increases, traffic demand responsive ATC not only provides traffic operational benefits but can assist in improving the status and image of traffic management agencies;

Road space reallocation-bus priority – most developed cities accept that not enough new roads can be constructed to fulfil unconstrained demand for car travel and that most efficient use must be made of scarce road space.  Buses are efficient users of road space but to realise that efficiency they must be must be freed from the effects of traffic congestion.  A policy of preferential road space reallocation from cars to buses to provide bus priority, if not already adopted, will be an important part of traffic strategy in any congested developing city.

Packaging of measures - some cities have sought to involve all agencies -- traffic management agency, local councils, bus operators, highways agency -- in integrated programs with each agency contributing both support and finance for their respective areas of responsibility; the trend may find application in developing cities;

Development gains – financial contributions from developers for the improvement of the traffic and transport system to provide and “compensate” for traffic impacts of large scale land use developments are now common; the process find application in developing cities;

Road pricing – there is a resurgence of interest in congestion pricing (although, regrettably, little new implementation) in developed cities.  To some extent, the renewed interest has been stimulated by the potential for automatic, electronic charging and enforcement systems and by the growing realisation that significant funds can be raised to improve the transport system.  It is only a matter of time before schemes in major developed cities are introduced.  Equally, there is a great need in many developing cities for demand management although the feasibility of electronic systems will depend on such factors as the status of vehicle registration systems to allow automated tracing of offenders

Contracting out – there has been an increase in contracting out traffic management functions to the private sector which may have application in developing cities;

Potential for transport telematics – there is increasing use of electronic advanced technology for traffic management measures – enforcement using automatic vehicle recognition, dynamic route signs, electronic pricing for tolls (or potentially for congestion pricing), etc.  In more advanced cities in developing countries, such measures should increase efficiency of traffic operations.

Background Paper

Experience in Urban Traffic Management and Demand

Management in Developing Countries

CONTENTS........................................................................................................................I 1. INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................... 1

1.1 BACKGROUND..........................................................................................................................................1 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE REVIEW ...................................................................................................................1