Urban Transport Strategy. Management in Developing Countries John A Cracknell, страница 17

9.8  PRICING - DEMAND MANAGEMENT THROUGH CHARGES ON VEHICLE USE AND OWNERSHIP..............93

9.9                                                                                    PRICING - DEMAND MANAGEMENT THROUGH FUEL PRICES.................................................................93

9.10   PRICING - DEMAND MANAGEMENT BY RESTRAINT BY TAXES ON VEHICLE OWNERSHIP................94 9.11  PRICING – DEMAND MANAGEMENT THROUGH CONGESTION CHARGING........................................95

9.12    RESTRAINT THROUGH LAND–USE AND DEVELOPMENT CONTROLS ..............................................101

9.13 CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................................................102

10. TRENDS IN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT......................................................... 107

10.1                                                                                                                                            INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................107

10.2  PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT...................................................................................................................107

10.3 AREA TRAFFIC CONTROL (ATC)...................................................................................................108 10.4 ROAD SPACE REALLOCATION – BUS PRIORITY.............................................................................108

10.5 PACKAGING OF MEASURES ............................................................................................................109

10.6 DEVELOPMENT GAIN......................................................................................................................109

10.7 ROAD PRICING................................................................................................................................110

     10.8     CONTRACTING OUT AND NEW FORMS OF TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT INSTITUTIONS........................110

10.9  TRAFFIC CALMING..........................................................................................................................110

10.10                                                                                                                                                  BICYCLES ........................................................................................................................................111

10.11 THE POTENTIAL FOR TRANSPORT TELEMATICS..............................................................................111 10.12 CONCLUSIONS.................................................................................................................................112

11.  ANNEX A - TERMS OF REFERENCE............................................................. 115

TERMS OF REFERENCE  3RD.DRAFT................................................................................................................115

12.  ANNEX B --- COMMENTS ON TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES 119 13.    ANNEX C – TYPES OF ACTIONS TO BE CONSIDERED IN A TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGY.................................................................................... 141


1.         INTRODUCTION

1.1         Background

1.1.1.      The World Bank is carrying out an “Urban Transport Sector Strategy Review” (UTSSR) with the aim of formulating policy guidelines in the urban transport sector. To assist in providing the context for the UTSSR, a number of background papers dealing with specific key aspects of urban transport have been commissioned including the current paper, a “Review of Traffic Management and Demand Management in Developing Countries” (the Review)[1].  The preparation of the Review has been funded by the UK Department for International Development (DfID) and has been co-ordinated by the UK Transport Research Laboratory (TRL) and the World Bank (the Bank). Terms of Reference (TOR) for the Review are included as Annex A.