Urban Transport Strategy. Management in Developing Countries John A Cracknell, страница 23

♦           Pedestrians;

♦            Cyclists and other NMT’s;

♦           Commercial vehicles;

♦           Environmental management (such as traffic calming); and

♦       Transport system user information; and ♦           Demand management.

2.6.3.      It is this wider definition of traffic management that is used in this Review.

2.7         Limits to supply side traffic management

2.7.1.      While traffic management should be an integral part of the transport policy of any well managed city, there are clearly limitations to its role in increasing “capacity”.  In particular, in developing cities, travel demand is likely to be increasing rapidly and

traffic management measures aimed at increasing capacity will not alone resolve the congestion problems caused by such rapid growth.  Indeed, this is a common reason given by cities for not embracing traffic management with more resolution.  However, this is not the complete picture and a number of inter-related factors should be taken into consideration in planning a traffic management strategy and to increase its relevance to cities where traffic and traffic congestion is increasing:

a)  although the impacts of traffic management measures may be over-taken in a short period unless other measures are taken (such as demand management - as discussed below), the benefits are still “real”, worthwhile and will have been obtained in a very cost-effective way;

b)  provided the policy of improving travel conditions for “people and not vehicles” is accepted and appropriate measures are designed to achieve that objective (such as traffic management measures to provide bus priority), then traffic management has great relevance in cities where traffic congestion is growing;

c)  even at a basic level, traffic management measures which “keep things moving” provides time for more capital intensive measures to be planned and for resources to be obtained;

d)  traffic management should not be a one-time, “one-shot” policy; traffic management should be a continuous process; measures and policies should be adapted as traffic conditions change;

e)  most importantly, traffic management should deal with “demand” as well as “supply” sides of policy.  Traffic management should seek to balance travel demand to a level which promotes maximum system efficiency.  In reality, this means some level of demand management is required in combination with more “supply” side measures (measures which increase capacity).  Demand management is the subject of Chapter 9 of the Review but may be achieved through combinations of measures to reallocate road space to public transport and/or to implement well-understood policies such as parking control and/or to implement innovative measures such as restraint on vehicle ownership and use.

2.8         Conclusion

2.8.1.       The conclusions of the Chapter may be summarised as: