Urban Transport Strategy. Management in Developing Countries John A Cracknell, страница 118

[1] Other background papers in the present series include “Mass Transit”, “Road Safety”, “Public Transport Competition and Regulation”.

[2] A similar classification is presented in “Transport and the Global Environment – Global Overlays for the

Transportation Sector”, UNEP, Halsnaes, Markandya and Sathaye, Nov 1999 (draft)

[3] It is of course recognised that some travel – say by the urban poor – may be subsidised

[4] e.g. how much time is given to pedestrians to cross the road at traffic signal and the related reduction in vehicle capacity.

[5] A system for the control of traffic signals which, in various ways, allows the signals to respond on a dynamic or real time basis to the level of traffic demand

[6] Traffic Management and Road Safety in World Bank Projects in Chinese Cities, A Review, G Frame, 2^nd Draft 12 July 1999

[7] Concessons of Busways to the Private Sector, - the Sao Paulo Metropolitan Region Experience,  J Rebelo, World Bank, Policy Research Working paper, 1546,  Nov 1995.

[8]  This applies in Colombian cities where 20% tax is used to generate funds for urban traffic and transport; while there may be problems both of "leakage" at the boundary and of equitable and efficient distribution of funds, the concept is worthy of consideration

[9] Guidelines on “Deregulation and Contracting Out”, DETR, UK HMSO 1994

[10] Leaving aside such functions as driver licensing, vehicles registration, vehicle roadworthiness testing etc which may be police functions.

[11] This happens in as diverse cities as London (where traffic police as well as traffic wardens musy view the outputs of some bus lane enforcement cameras) and in Mumbai and Moscow (where traffic police must be called to on-street illegally parked vehicles to issue the necessary ticket which cannot be issued by the parking attendants).

[12] World Bank Policy Study “Urban Transport”,  1986 page 42, and 43 ISBN 0 8213 0755 X

[13] “Practices and Lessons 11: Urban Transport”, OED Report Jan 2000 re Korea.

[14] World Bank Policy Study “Urban Transport”,  1986 page 42, and 43 ISBN 0 8213 0755 X

[15] Indian Railways obtained undertakings from mid range staff to commit to employment for 5 years; while this was not aimed specifically at "training", the same principle would be used for staff who have undergone training.

[16] “A Review of Road Safety in Urban Areas”, TRL and Ross-Silcock Ltd, DfID, May 2000 (Draft Final Report)

[17] For example, the UK TRL's Microcomputer Accident Analysis Package (MAAP)

[18] “Sign up for the bike”, Design Manual, Centre for Research and Contract Standarization and Traffic Engineering, ISBN 90-6628-158-8, Aug 1993