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Urban Transport Strategy. Management in Developing Countries John A Cracknell, страница 2

Role of traffic management

Traffic management objectives – traffic management is only one element, although an important element, of an integrated transport strategy.  The goal of urban traffic management is to make the most productive use of the existing (road based) transport system by adjusting, adapting, managing and improving the system.  Specific objectives are:

♦       to improve the movement of people and goods and not necessarily vehicles;

♦         to improve the quality and safety of the traffic and transport system; and ♦   to contribute to the improvement of the traffic related environment.

Traffic management actions divide into two basic categories and a comprehensive traffic strategy for a city cannot separate these two strands:

♦

traffic management policies, measures and schemes to improve and manage the supply of transport facilities with the objectives of improving traffic system capacity (in terms of "people" and not necessarily "vehicles") and/or quality and/or safety; and

♦

traffic management policies, measures and schemes to manage demand so that journeys are undertaken in the most efficient way for the community as a whole.  Ultimately, it is impossible in an urban area to construct enough roads or to create enough capacity by supply side traffic measures to cater for full, unconstrained travel demand by private cars. Most cities will, at some stage, have to adopt some level of traffic demand management as part of an integrated transport strategy.

Balancing conflicting objectives – a traffic management strategy will need to balance the oftenconflicting objectives of categories of transport system users – such as "bus user versus car user" or "cars versus pedestrians".  The balance can only be achieved by: ♦    ensuring that objectives are clearly defined at the outset of planning;

♦       selecting “measures of effectiveness” (impacts) which will demonstrate the attainment of the selected objectives; and

♦       systematic planning and evaluation to determine the balanced mix of policies and measures to provide optimum impacts.

Limits to supply side traffic management - traffic management has limits in cities where traffic congestion and traffic growth are high.  However, it should be borne in mind that

♦

even if impacts of traffic management are short term, the benefits are real and worthwhile;

♦

traffic management should seek to improve travel conditions for “people” not “vehicles” and thus even in conditions of high traffic growth and congestion, traffic management measures such as bus priority and road safety have great relevance

♦

traffic management should not be a one-time, “one shot” policy but should be a continuous process, adjusted and adapted to meet changing traffic conditions

♦

traffic management should seek to apply both supply side measures (concentrating on “people” capacity) and demand management measures.

Other roles for traffic management – in addition to its primary objectives – to improve the movement of people and goods, safety and environment - traffic management has ancillary roles:

♦       support to capital intensive transport investments such as major urban roads, mass transit systems etc to ensure efficient and safe access and distribution;

♦       alleviation of traffic congestion impacts arising during construction of major infrastructure works affecting the highway; and

♦       alleviation of adverse traffic impacts arising from major land use developments.

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