Comments and Issues – general traffic management measures and demand management are considered elsewhere in the Review but “traffic calming” is a traffic management technique specifically orientated to safety and environmental improvement – through seeking to reduce vehicle speed and traffic volumes particularly through sensitive areas. There are very few traffic calming measures in developing cities with the one exception of the widespread use of speed control humps. Comments are:
§ speed control humps require great care in design otherwise the impacts can be negative; more research is needed to determine the impacts of such measures in developing cities; and
§ design standards for speed humps and other devices and criteria for their appropriate application in developing cities, are needed.
Lessons – Traffic management promotes smooth traffic flow and thus can make a general contribution to improvements in the traffic emissions and measures such as truck routes can have positive environmental impacts. However, unless demand management actions are taken (see Chapter 9), increases in traffic capacity may be taken up rapidly by vehicle growth and by suppressed demand and thus the measures may make little overall difference to emissions. On main roads speed control techniques such as “rumble devices” to warn drivers of approaching hazards, “bar markings to reduce speed on approaches to urban junctions, road texture and colour on the approaches to critical locations and linking of traffic signal timings at successive junctions to control and maintain a desired safe speed of traffic progression should find greater application. On lesser roads, traffic calming might be appropriate. Care is needed to ensure that the most common measure – the speed control hump – is well designed and does not introduce new hazards. More research is needed to determine the impacts of such measures in developing cities and design standards for speed humps and and criteria for their appropriate application in developing cities, are needed.
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13. |
ANNEX C – TYPES OF ACTIONS TO BE CONSIDERED IN A |
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TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT STRATEGY |
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Category |
Traffic Measures |
Regulations-Operations |
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|
Traffic Circulation |
§ § § § § § |
basic traffic engineering including (i) road markings and (ii) road signing Area Traffic Control (ATC) (computer controlled traffic signal systems area-wide) using (i) fixed plans-by-time-of-day or (ii) responsive or (iii) dynamic isolated junction improvements by physical measures including (i) channelisation, (ii) limited widening (iii) turn lane additions traffic circulation schemes applied on a corridor basis or area wide including (i) one way streets systems (ii) turning movement controls (iii) elimination bottlenecks by physical works traffic metering into congested areas with bus lanes to overtake relocated traffic queues road space reallocation and management including (i) bus priority (see below) (ii) tidal (reversible) flow schemes (iii) HOV schemes (iv) “no car” lanes |
§ |
modifications to traffic regulations to enable physical and operational measures to be implemented and enforced |
|
Public transport (buses) priority |
§ |
exemptions for buses from general traffic regulations at specific sites/junctions |
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|
§ |
bus priority detection at traffic signals |
|||
|
§ |
bus priority lanes either full or part time and either with flow or contra flow |
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|
§ |
traffic metering into congested areas with bus lanes to overtake relocated traffic queues |
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|
§ |
segregated busways |
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|
§ |
park-and-ride |
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|
§ |
bus system “quality” measures (terminals, stops, information etc) |
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On street parking management and servicingaccess controls |
§ § § |
on street parking programs (including charged systems by meters or other means) off street parking programs and policies (including charged systems) physical controls on access and/or servicing (eg truck routes) |
§ § § |
out-of-hours servicing to frontage premises time based truck prohibitions enforcement of parking controls |
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Demand management |
§ § § § § |
parking charges various forms of car bans such as “oddeven”, “one day without car” etc cordon pricing area pricing environmental/no traffic areas etc |
§ |
indirect user charges such as fuel surcharges, license fees etc |
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