Urban Transport Strategy. Management in Developing Countries John A Cracknell, страница 52

to these aspects and, in particular, focus on establishing a sustainable road safety unit in large cities.

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A safety culture within the road authority should be developed with other units such as maintenance and planning learning how they can contribute to the reduction of crashes. Road-user safety should be the responsibility of the road authority as a whole, and all units, not just that of traffic/safety engineering.

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Road safety management will also require the co-operation of a variety of local government sectors and NGOs and private businesses. A strong coordinating body or lead agency will be necessary to ensure implementation. It is not possible to recommend a specific model for such co-ordination but it is clear that the organisation must be capable of planning road safety projects, securing a budget, implementing the projects and monitoring their effectiveness.

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Some element of road user charges should be devoted to the improvement of urban roads and their safety with a rational approach to proportioning funds.

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Public-private partnerships could have considerable potential particularly where the private sector has a commitment to the development of their city. The partnerships should not replace government led safety organisations but provide the necessary impetus in the interim to generate resources and speed up implementation.

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Road safety measures should be focused on improving the safety of the vulnerable that will in the main come from the poorest sectors of urban society. Likely measures will include better facilities for pedestrians and twowheelers reduced vehicle speeds, traffic calming and safer public transport. Changes need to be introduced through an understanding of the needs of target groups and not by top down approaches alone. Measures should be integrated and their implementation preceded by consultation and publicity.

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Road safety programmes need to be based on good crash information. Medical databases and secondary indicators should be considered as well as improved police systems both for planning and monitoring purposes.

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Research is needed to develop new approaches to road safety particularly to change the behaviour of vulnerable communities and the drivers of public service vehicles. Evaluation of approaches is vital, as is dissemination of the lessons learned. The Global Road Safety Partnership (GRSP) is a key focal point for accessing road safety information and disseminating recommendations.