12. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод глагола- сказуемого.
1. More than two thousand years ago, the Greek philosopher Democritus came to the conclusion that there are many kinds of tiny particles and they are always moving about, sometimes combining and sometimes separating again. 2. Further study has shown that the molecules themselves consist of 103 different kinds of atoms, which the scientists call the building blocks of matter. 3. Pure radium is very rare, and so no one has ever bothered about its existence. 4. Every radioactive element breaks down at a certain rate that is characteristic for it. 5. Half-life is the time it takes for one-half of the atoms of a radioactive element to decay. 6. The nuclear decay continues until all the radium atoms have changed into stable lead atoms. 7. This depends on whether the radioactive particles remove or add electrons to the atoms. 8. By counting the number of tiny droplets in each track, scientists have determined the speed of the radioactive particles. 9. Scientists are now experimenting with using the sun’s energy directly in solar furnaces. 10. Deep in the sun’s centre hydrogen atoms are constantly joining to form heavier elements. 11. Before 500 B.C. the Greek scientist Pythagoras founded a brotherhood of young men to whom he imparted his mathematical knowledge only after they had sworn an oath never to pass it on to an outsider. 12. Though the peoples of ancient world knew many useful rules for finding areas and measuring angles, they had never attempted to link those rules in a train of reasoning to prove that they were reliable. 13. X-ray detectors collect actual photons of X-ray light – which is very different from the radio telescopes that have large dishes designed to focus radio waves. 14. Many things in space emit X-rays, among them are black holes, neutron stars, binary star systems, supernova remnants, stars, the sun and even some comets. 15. Phillips, a scientist who works for Microsoft Research in Cambridge, is working with stochastic pi-calculus, a programming language particularly applicable to biological systems. 16. When Bill Gates goes on his week-long hiatus, he comes back with a mixture of old and new ideas, and, if nothing else, we get a glimpse of what the company will be promoting over the next year. 17. Bill Gates was funding a lot of machine translation activity – a moribund field that has gone nowhere. 18. ARPANET developers had always considered information and resource sharing as one of their primary goals. 19. Within ARPA Leonard Klienrock was already developing the ideas for sending information by breaking a message into ‘packages’, sending them separately to their destination and reassembling at the other end. 20. In 1972 they successfully employed a new programme to send messages over the net, thus allowing direct person-to-person communication what we now refer to as e-mail. 21. Innovation is an important topic in the study of economics, business, technology, sociology and engineering. 22. A digital computer is a machine that calculates using digits or numbers. 23. Much of a current business literature blurs the concept of innovation with value creation, value extraction and operational execution. 24. Innovation typically involves creativity, but is not identical to it: innovation involves acting on the creative ideas to make some specific and tangible difference in the domain in which the innovation occurs. 25. The opening of a new market that is a market into which the particular branch of manufacture of the country in question has not previously entered, is a serious problem for the country, whether or not this market has existed before. 26. It is not surprising, therefore, that companies such as General Electric and Procter & Gamble have embraced the management of innovation enthusiastically, with the primary goal of driving growth and, consequently, improving shareholder value. 27. In February 2006, Japan established a new world record on the sum of gold and exchange currency reserves, which made nearby $ 852 billion dollars. 28. By Moody’s estimations, the growth of gross domestic product of the USA in 2006 constituted 3,3%. 29. In 2010 the economic growth rate will decrease to 2,1%. 30. The second fundamental factor which by all means will influence the world economic dynamics is always the same petroleum. 31. Analysts of IEA consider, that in intermediate term prospect OPEC will aspire to keep petroleum prices in a range of $50-60 for a barrel (i.e. in the prices of 2005), however, the real world prices for petroleum in 2007 started to decrease smoothly in comparison with the average significances of 2006. 32. The Sunday Telegraph revealed earlier this year that the EBRD had decided to walk away from the Sakhalin project after the emergence of Gazprom as a major shareholder. 33. It was during this time that traditional computing began to flower and, as it did, the emphasis in computing left the neural research in the background. 34. Companies are working on three types of neuro chips - digital, analog and optical. 35. But for now, neural networks are simply entering the marketplace in niches where their statistical accuracy is valuable as they await what will surely come. 36. Above this level, charge will spill over into adjacent pixels resulting in “blooming” or “blown out highlights” in photographic terms. 37. Similar to a CCD, first generation CMOS image sensors had only analog outputs, but soon second generation devices appeared on the market complete with digital outputs. 38. Since 1961 IEEE has played an extremely important role in electrical industry standards development and academics. 39. These technological advances have resulted in a rapid deployment of optical fiber channels, both in domestic telecommunication systems and for trans-Atlantic and trans-Pacific communication. 40. Over the past few decades, ocean exploration activity has been steadily increasing.
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