3) Sensitivity of weights-spectrometers characterize by number of sizes. If the substance is entered into an ion source of weights-spectrometers in the form of gas test, sensitivity define (more often for nitrogen or argon) as the relation of the ion current of the given weight of this substance IМ (A) to partial pressure of this substance in source PМ (P). Usually this size lays within the limits of 10-4÷10-1 A/P. Relative sensitivity is the minimal contents of substance in a mixture which can be revealed the given device. For various substances this parameter can reach 10-3 ÷10-7 %. Sometimes enter absolute sensitivity as the minimal weight of substance which can be registered by weights-spectrometers (till 10-15).
4) Operating speed of weights-spectrometers can be defined by the minimal time necessary for registration of weights-spectra within the limits of so-called decade of nuclear mass units (1-10, 10-100, etc.). Speed depends on the method of ions division, constant of time of measurement and registration system of an ionic current and can reach 10-1 s for static and up to 10-3 s for dynamic devices.
It is necessary to note, that all these parameters usual compete with each other in the sense that depending on solved problems thin adjustment of weights-spectrometers it is possible to achieve improvement of one of them (for example, resolution) to the detriment of another (sensitivity, speed, etc.).
High quality of coverings - parameter of successful carrying out of all previous operations. The rigid program of quality management is necessary: incoming details and materials, and also produced details with covering should correspond to preliminary established standards.
Quality is care and the responsibility of each worker. Performance of the quality standards is a key to successful carrying out of any operation. Observance of the quality standards is connected with necessity:
- Strict observance of production schedules;
- Agreements under requirements between suppliers and buyers;
- Training all personnel;
- Constant perfection of manufacture;
- Conducting records.
Usually coverings characterize on appearance of a surface, physic mechanical properties and stability to influence of an environment [12].
The condition of a surface, shine and color are the important characteristics of coverings. Appearance can be estimated by means of visual survey and comparison with the standard or by means of tools. Unfortunately, the numerical values received by means of use of tools, it is difficult to correlate to a subjective visual estimation.
Measurement of luster by tool methods only approximately corresponds to visual estimation of surface shine which are carried out under the same corner. Measurement of luster does not practice for grain-oriented or very rough surfaces. A parameter of luster represent as value of reflection of a surface in relation to the black glass standard. Most often the corner of measurement of luster makes 60о from a vertical, and for surfaces with very high degree of luster - 85о, whereas for surfaces with very high degree of luster - 20о to provide more exact values.
Color of the sample can be estimated visually and by tool methods. The correct approach at the visual estimation is comparison of the sample with the known standard when both are under the same corner and are shined by standard light source. The light conditions used for estimation, have very much great value as observable color represents function of reflective properties of a covering, light source and color sight of the separate observer. The sample and the standard completely conterminous at one light source can noticeably differ at comparison at other light, if color composition is not the same. At definitions it is recommended to use a light source important for final using.
Уважаемый посетитель!
Чтобы распечатать файл, скачайте его (в формате Word).
Ссылка на скачивание - внизу страницы.