Theoretical background of study. Etymology of translation. Theory of translation. The problems of equivalence in translation, страница 5

To comprehend all this, you should start with spelling the terms out.

In theory and practice of translation such concepts as equivalence, adequacy and identity are operated. In broad terms, equivalence is understood as something interchangeable, something equivalent, and adequacy - as something quite smooth, and identity - as something that has a complete coincidence resemblance to something.

Apparently, this less categorical semantic word "equivalence" made him the best in modern translation. Of course, the concept of adequacy, identity, usefulness and even similarity remain in the same semantic field as the term "equivalence" and sometimes overlap each other.

Thus, under equivalence in translation theory we should understand preserve the relative equality of content, semantic, semantic, stylistic and functional-communicative information that contained in the original and the translation. It should be emphasized that the equivalence of the original and translation - is primarily a common understanding of the information contained in the text, including one that affects not only the mind but also the feelings of the speaker, which is not only expressed explicitly in the text, but also implicitly referred to the subtext. Equivalence of translation also depends on the situation of the generation of the original text and its reproduction in the target language. This interpretation shows equivalence of completeness and multilevel concept associated with semantic, structural, functional, communicative, pragmatic, genre, and other characteristics. And in all these definitions of parameters to be stored in the translation, but the degree of their implementation will be different  according to the text, conditions and way of translation.

In translation studies can be found on the thesis that the main defining principle of equivalence text is communicative and functional feature which consists of equity communicative effect levied on the speakers original and translation. With this postulate, we can partially agree, but the interpretation of communicative and functional equivalence states that creating text language of the recipient, the translator builds it so that translation of the speaker took it the same as the original speaker.

That translator does not have to submit the text message feature of his own perception, which is different from the perception of the message to the recipient, to whom it was addressed. In fact, the perception of the translator and each of the recipients of speech in any case can not be the same due to different personal, cultural and social reasons.

Translator, such as literature, sees the text not as an unknown average native speaker, but as a minister of a particular "high art" translation.

Of course, it is not at adjusts his translation of abstract perception of two things: foreign and domestic reader bibliophile. Because these speakers original and translation perception can not be cloned. It definitely differs at least in some way. And besides, the true meaning, for example, a work of art never fully exhausted and the approach to it - an endless process.

The purpose of translation is not processing the text in one's perception, but  maintaining the content, features, style, stylistic, communicative and artistic values ​​of the original. If this goal is reached, then the perception of translation in the language environment will be relatively smooth transfer of the original perception in the original language environment. Exaggeration of the role of communicative and functional factor in translation leads to erosion of domestic content, informative the essence of the text, the original and the translation, to the replacement of the nature of the object reaction to him from perceiving subject. The decisive is not the text itself and its communicative function and terms of sale.