Английский язык: Методические указания и задания к контрольным работам для студентов специальности «Техническая эксплуатация транспортного оборудования», страница 3

Free electrons release electric energy which can do work. Electric energy can be released from matter by chemical reaction (batteries), heat (thermocouples), electromagnetic induction (generators), and friction (static generators).

In most cases an electric current is described as a flow of electrons along a conductor.  The force that causes electrons to move is called the potential difference or electromotive force (e.m.f.). This force is measured in volts. Usually it is produced by batteries or electric generators.

To make an electric current flow continuously two conditions are needed: an electromotive force and an electric circuit. When electrons flow in one direction only, the current is called a direct current (d.c.). When electrons flow first in one direction then in another direction in a periodic manner, the current is called an alternating current (a.c.).

VOCABULARY

Задание №2. Переведите слова и словосочетания:

conductor; insulator; substance; copper; glass; rubber; paper; release energy; heat; friction; induction; electric current; electromotive force; battery; flow continuously; electric circuit; direction; alternating current; direct current; contain no free electrons; cause electrons to move; electromotive force is measured; two conditions are needed; current is called; electromotive fore is produced; when electrons flow in one direction.

Задание №3. Переведите слова и словосочетания:

 вещество; содержать; проводник; изолятор; резина; стекло; бумага; тепло; термопара; электромагнитная индукция; трение; описывать; электрическая цепь; электрический ток; постоянный ток; переменный ток; разность потенциалов; содержать свободные электроны; освобождаться посредством химической реакции; электромагнитной индукции и трения; заставлять электроны двигаться; двигаться свободно от атома к атому; самые лучшие проводники; непроводники электричества; протекание электронов по проводнику; вещество; которое не содержит свободных электронов.

Задание №4. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на Страдательный Залог:

1. Such substances are called electric conductors.

2. Electric current is described as flow of electrons along a conductor.

3. The force  that causes electrons to move is called electromotive force.

4. This force is measured in volts. It is produced by batteries or electric generators.

5. To make an electric current flow continuously two conditions are needed: an electromotive force and an electric circuit.

Задание №5. Переведите предложения на английский: