e.g. Jane said, “”I have been writing an essay since you left.” - Jane told that she had been writing an essay since we left.
f) Past Indefinite that shows an action taking place at a definite moment
e.g. Susan said, “I had left home before the telegram came.” Susan told that she had left home before the telegram came.
David said, “When we were living (lived) in France, we used to go to the sea very often.” - David told that when they were living (lived) in France, they used to go to the sea very often.”
g) Subjunctive Mood,
e.g. Julian said, “I wish I could pass all my exams easily.” Julian told that he wished he could pass all his exams easily.
the use of verb forms after different introductory verbs
|
Introductory verb |
Direct Speech |
Indirect Speech |
|
+ to infinitive · to agree · to offer · to promise · to refuse · to threaten |
Jim said, ‘Yes, I’ll lend you some money.’ Tom said, ‘Can I help you? Dick said,’ I’ll give your book back.’ Jean said, ‘No, I won’t call mum.’ Dad said, ‘I’ll punish you.’ |
Jim agreed to lend me some money. “Tom offered to help me. Dick promised to give my book back. Jean refused to call mum. Dad threatened to punish me. |
|
+ object + to infinitive · to advise · to allow · to ask · to beg · to command · to forbid · to invite · to order · to remind · to warn |
Mum said, ‘You should eat more fruit.’ Dad said, ‘Y can go to the party.’ Teddy said, ‘Could you do me a favour?’ The child said, ‘Doctor, please, don’t hurt me.’ The officer said, ‘Stand still.’ Mum said, ‘You mustn’t stay out late.’ Jenny said, ‘Will you come to my party?’ Dad said. ‘Go to your room.’ Mum said, ‘Don’t forget to buy bread.’ Blue Beard said, ‘Don’t touch this key.’ |
Mum advised me to eat more fruit. Dad allowed me to go to the party. Teddy asked me to do him a favour. ‘The child begged the doctor not to hurt him. ‘The officer commanded the soldiers to stand still. ‘Mum forbade me to stay out late. ‘Jenny invited me to come to her party. ‘Dad ordered me to go to my room. ‘Mum reminded me not to forget to buy bread. Blue Beard warned his wife not to touch that key. |
|
+ gerund · apologise for · to boast about/of · to complain (to smb) of smth · to deny · to suggest · to insist on |
Sam said, “I’m sorry, I’m late.’ Sue said, “I’m very pretty.’ Mum said, ‘We have noisy neighbours.’ Derek said, “I didn’t use your computer.’ Steve said, ‘Let’s go out to dinner.’ The boss said, ‘You must finish this report by Friday.’ |
Sam apologised for being late. Sue boasted of being pretty. Mum complained of having noisy neighbours. Derek denied using my computer. Steve suggested (our) going out to dinner. The boss insisted on me (my) finishing the report by Friday. |
|
+ that clause · to boast · to complain · to deny · to explain to smb · to inform · to exclaim · to remark · to promise · to remind · to threaten |
Sue said, “I’m very pretty’. Mum said, ‘We have noisy neighbours.’ Derek said, “I didn’t use your computer.’ Mary said, ‘I don’t like him because he is rude.’ The teacher said, ‘The exam result will come out tomorrow.’ Len said, ‘What a glorious day!’ Dick said,’ I’ll give your book back.’ Mum said, ‘Don’t forget to buy bread.’ Dad said, ‘I’ll punish you.’ |
Sue boasted that she was very pretty. Mum complained that we had noisy neighbours. Derek denied that he had used my computer. Mary explained that she didn’t like him because he was rude. The teacher informed us that the exam result would come out the next day. Len exclaimed/remarked that it was a glorious day. Dick promised that he would give me my book back. Mum reminded me that I had to buy bread. Dad threatened that he would punish me. |
|
+ that + should + bare infinitive · to suggest · to insist · to demand |
The monitor said, ‘Let’s have a class meeting tomorrow.’ The boss said, ‘You must finish this report by Friday.’ The teacher said, ‘You have to hand in your papers on Monday. |
The monitor suggested that our class should have a meeting the next day. The boss insisted that I should finish that report by Friday. ‘The teacher demanded that we should hand in our papers on Monday. |
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