Other new developments were the widespread use of computer networks and the increasing use of single-user workstations.
Sixth Generation (1990 - ). Transitions between generations in computer technology are hard to define, especially as they are taking place. Some changes, such as the switch from vacuum tubes to transistors, are immediately apparent as fundamental changes, but others are clear only in retrospect. Many of the developments in computer systems since 1990 reflect gradual improvements over established systems, and thus it is hard to claim they represent a transition to a new “generation”, but other developments will prove to be significant changes.
30. Give English equivalents to the following words and word combinations:
1. поколение; 2. впечатляющий; 3. предыдущий; 4. вакуумная трубка; 5. соответствовать; 6. технология, основанная на транзисторах; 7. приблизительно; 8. магнитный сердечник; 9. в случайном порядке; 10. акустический; 11. интегрированная схема; 12. полупроводниковые устройства; 13. операционная система; 14. размещаться; 15. улучшать; 16. быть ограниченным по отношению к; 17. в невероятном темпе; 18. отражать; 19. то есть; 20. таким образом.
31. Give Russian equivalents to the following verbs:
1. evolution; 2. a switch; 3. a symbolic notation; 4. an assembly language; 5. discrete diode; 6. as opposed to; 7. a mercury delay line; 8. sequentially; 9. a medium; 10. an innovation; 11. pipelining; 12. time-sharing; 13. entire; 14. development; 15. a compiler; 16. a loop; 17. to initiate; 18. acceptance; 19. widespread; 20. gradual; 21. significant.
32. Find the adjectives and adverbs from the text which mean:
1. impressive; 2. antecedent; 3. inner; 4. token; 5. roughly; 6. happening by chance; 7. sound; 8. consecutively; 9. built-in; 10. concurrent; 11. whole; 12. complicated; 13. improbable; 14. prevalent; 15. progressive; 16. essential.
33. Say if the statements below are true or false. If they are false, correct them:
1. The evolution of digital computing is often divided into stages.
2. Each generation is characterized by upgrades in the technology, the internal organization of computer systems, and programming languages.
3. First generation electronic computers used electromechanical switches in the form of vacuum tubes.
4. Software technology during the first generation was sophisticated. Programmers wrote down instructions in high-level languages.
5. Second generation computers were based on transistor technology and magnetic core memory.
6. The third generation brought the introduction of vacuum tubes.
7. The fourth generation brought the introduction of microprocessors.
8. The fifth generation saw the introduction of machines with millions of processors and semiconductor memories became standard on all computers.
9. By nineteen nineteen it was possible to build chips with a million components.
10. The sixth generation started in two thousand.
34. Answer the following questions:
1. How is the evolution of computers represented?
2. What are the characteristics of digital computing evolution in general?
3. What are the main features of the first generation of computers?
4. Did the first programmers write the instructions in machine code?
5. What programs performed the translation task?
6. How was data stored in the computers of the second generation?
7. Are integrated circuits and semiconductors different things?
8. Entire computer of the fourth generation could fit on a single chip, couldn't it?
9. What is parallelism?
10. When did computer networks start to be used worldwide?
35. Match the words (1-10) from the text with their definitions (a-l). There are two definitions you don't need to use.
1. generation a. the parts of information in one relate to the parts of information in the other;
Уважаемый посетитель!
Чтобы распечатать файл, скачайте его (в формате Word).
Ссылка на скачивание - внизу страницы.