Tank Cars. The First Air-Conditioned Passenger Car. 58-Ton Hopper Car for Technological Chips. Municipal Transport System in Moscow. Railway Transport Development in our country

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА

КАФЕДРА «ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ»

Test text №

Tank Cars

Liquid freight, such, as oil, acid, wine, milk or mineral water, may be transported in tank сагs. A tank car has a long, cylindrical tank. On the top of the tank is a dome, with an opening through which the tank is filled and sometimes emptied.

Most tank cars are unloaded by drawing off their contents through a valve in the bottom of the tank.

Tank cars carrying acids or other dangerous liquids are unloaded either by sucking their contents out through the dome of the car or by pumping compressed air into the tank and “blowing” the contents out through the dome. Some liquids form gas if they become too warm, and tank ears have safety valves, which open and permit the gas to escape when the pressure reaches a certain point.

Most tank cars are built of steel, but tank cars made of other materials, such as aluminium or wood, are also used. Some of the tank cars which carry acids are lined with lead or rubber because some acids will eat through ordinary steel. Таnk cars used to carry other chemicals may be lined with nickel or with stainless steel. Tank cars which carry liquids which must be kept perfectly clean are lined with glass.

Many tank cars must have coils of pipe inside their tanks through which steam can be piped when the cars are being unloaded. These cars are used for transportation of thick gummy liquids that will not flow easily unless they are hot.

Утверждено на заседании кафедры

Протокол №10 от 24.01.2006 г.

Зав.каф.ин.языков                                                          Н.А. Гришанкова

Преподаватель-составитель                                          С.В. Иванова

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА

КАФЕДРА «ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ»

Test text №

The First Air-Conditioned Passenger Car

The first air-conditioned passenger car was a Baltimore and Ohio Railroads dining car, the Martha Washington. Its equipment was installed in 1930 by the Carrier engineering Corporation, which was one of the first engineering firms to urge that passenger cars be air-conditioned. The results of the first experiment were highly satisfactory, and the railroads soon found that there was a wide demand for more air- conditioned cars. For some years practically all intercity passenger cars on our railroads have had air-conditioning equipment of one kind or another. Several factories manufacture the equipment and a few railroads make their own.

A few years ago, during the second World War, manу servicemen found themselves forced to travel for long distances abroad non-air-conditioned sleeping cars behind steam locomotives. The grime and filth that accumulated in the train and on the persons of these unlucky travelers cаmе as an even worse shock to many of them who realized that hardly more than ten years before, these cars, with all their dust and soot, had represented the very height of luxury railroad travel.

Утверждено на заседании кафедры

Протокол №10 от 24.01.2006 г.

Зав.каф.ин.языков                                                          Н.А. Гришанкова

Преподаватель-составитель                                          С.В. Иванова