The electrification of railways is of great social importance. It improves the working conditions of the locomotive crews by reducing cabin vibration, locomotive refueling being vanished. It reduces labour involved in working under hard conditions. And at last it has to reduce environmental pollution.
Within the immediate future the rise in freight traffic on railways will be met mostly by further increasing traffic density, for example raising the tonnage of trains and shortening headways.
Considerable rise in traffic is expected on the Far East-Siberia, Siberia - the Urals, - Center and the Siberian - Central Asia lines.
Most of the traffic will be handled by existing electric lines and those diesel - electric lines that will be converted to electric traction during the forthcoming period.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
Протокол №10 от 24.01.2006 г.
Зав.каф.ин.языков Н.А. Гришанкова
Преподаватель-составитель С.В. Иванова
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА
КАФЕДРА «ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ»
Test text №
Municipal Transport System in Moscow
Approximately 20 million journeys are made daily in Moscow using the services of the municipal transport. The transport network is expected to grow 60 per cent. This will enable passengers to reach Moscow’s centre from the most distant outskirts within 30-35 minutes.
The Metro is still the fastest and most convenient facility. It carries 6.5 million passengers daily and up to seven million on peak days. Every year 15-20 new surface transport routes are put into operation, mainly in the residential areas. In rush hours up to 32,000 people are taken to or from each of these areas.
The bus system carries approximately five million passengers every day. There are new buses in the capital which create only a quarter of the air pollution caused by conventional buses.
The trolleybuses, which run on electricity, fully meet the ecological requirements. There are 75 trolleybus routes and they take third place in the city for the number of passengers - approximately three million daily.
The streetcar, or tram, has "moved" to the new residential areas. It now has a new task - to bring people from these areas to the nearest Metro stations, and it carries more than 1.7 million passengers every day.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
Протокол №10 от 24.01.2006 г.
Зав.каф.ин.языков Н.А. Гришанкова
Преподаватель-составитель С.В. Иванова
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА
КАФЕДРА «ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ»
Test text №
Railway Transport Development in our country
Scientific and technical progress in railway transport will continue to give priority to the electrification of mainlines and to increasing the share of electric traction. This secures greater operational reliability and a considerable annual saving of liquid fuel.
Our country has developed a vast network of electrified railways some of which being unprecedented on the world scale in terms of mileage and carrying capacity.
Our country stock of traction facilities consists of various types of modern electric and diesel locomotives. Soviet railways run D.C., A.C. and A.C./D.C. locomotives. Standard on D.C. electrified lines are eight-axle 5200 kW BЛ I0Y freight locomotives outfitted with regenerative braking systems.
The BЛ II and BЛ 80C electric locomotives can be operated according to a multiple-unit system to haul freight trains with a mass of up to 10,000 tons. This system makes it possible to increase the mass of trains scale down traffic intensity and, thereby, increase throughput capacity of heavy-traffic lines.
The locomotive BЛ 85 is superior to the standard electric locomotive BЛ 80C in power and traction, and is capable of hauling trains one-and-a-haIf times as heavy.
Уважаемый посетитель!
Чтобы распечатать файл, скачайте его (в формате Word).
Ссылка на скачивание - внизу страницы.