Locomotive operation is managed through automatic control which adds to reliability, traction and braking performance.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
Протокол №10 от 24.01.2006 г.
Зав.каф.ин.языков Н.А. Гришанкова
Преподаватель-составитель С.В. Иванова
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА
КАФЕДРА «ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ»
Test text №
21-st-Century Transport
It has been a long time since train velocities first surpassed the 100 km per hour limit and they are now approaching 200 km per hour and even higher in some countries.
But population growth, its mobility, the very tempo of life requires ever greater speeds from ground transport.
The All-Union Electrical Locomotive Engineering Research Institute is the leader in the development of high-speed ground transport. In collaboration with many other research centers, it is carrying out an extensive programme on high-speed ground transport.
The institute’s testing ground is situated naar the Novocherkassk electrical locomotive plant. A two-layer metal band is installed in a 30-metre-long shed. This is the rotor, part of the electric motor line which moves the coach. The other part - the stator - is fixed on the motor coach. A switch clicks and the three-ton structure hangs in the air.
The numerous laboratories located in the shad are engaged in developing a control system for the magnetic suspension project, as well as in power supply, current pick-off, brakes, the optimum mode of operation for the motor and many other things which allow the building of an experimental model in the future capable of reaching a speed of 400 km per hour.
The advantages of high-speed ground transport over the existing types are obvious. Air and road transport burn three-fourths of all produced fuels, and the combustion process, naturally, affects the Earth's ecology.
The future trains should be ecologically clean and noiseless. It has been estimated that the cost of introducing high-speed ground transport will be recouped three times faster than with the railways.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
Протокол №10 от 24.01.2006 г.
Зав.каф.ин.языков Н.А. Гришанкова
Преподаватель-составитель С.В. Иванова
МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА
КАФЕДРА «ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ»
Test text №
City Transport
Urban communities grow quickly and with them, the transport system. Motor transport is the most important. Millions of people and millions of freight go by road every day, and as motor transport services increase, so does the road network, especially in the developing industrial centers of Siberia, the Far East and the Baikal-Amur Railway zone.
Moscow has all who kinds of municipal transport systems, the Metro being the most popular. Its almost 200 km of lines reach nearly all the city districts. Forty per cent of all people using public transport ride the Metro.
The Metro’s popularity is well deserved (заслуженный), as each station "clothed" in either granite, marble or modem building materials, is architecturally impressive. In spite of the high building costs, the Moscow Metro is one of the cheapest means of transport in the country, because no matter what the distance or number of changes, the fare la five kopeks.
Our maximum Metro train speed has been raised from 50 to 100 km. The average daily per kilometer load is greater in Moscow than in any other large city: in London it is 4,309 passengers; New York – 7,749; Paris – 12,642; Tokyo – 28,850; and Moscow – 32,661.
Утверждено на заседании кафедры
Протокол №10 от 24.01.2006 г.
Зав.каф.ин.языков Н.А. Гришанкова
Преподаватель-составитель С.В. Иванова
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