Computer Control in Metallurgy: Учебное пособие на английском языке

Section III contains texts for supplementary reading, a vocabulary and a list of acronyms and abbreviations.

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CONTENTS

Preface .................................................................................................................. 3-4

Contents..................................................................................................... 5

Section I

Text 1. The Fastest Growing Industry in the World  6

Text 2. Kinds of Computers................................................................................................. 8

Text 3. Computer Hardware................................................................................................. 10

Text 4. Computer Software 13

Text 5. The Computing Cycle      16

Text 6. Processors................................................................................................ 20

Text 7. Primary Memory................................................................................................... 25

Text 8. Input Devices.................................................................................................... 28

Text 9. Output Devices.................................................................................................... 33

Text 10. Storing Data: Secondary Memory Devices.................................................................................................... 39

Text 11. Other Input/Output Devices.................................................................................................... 43

Section II

Text 1. Types of Manufacturing Automation.............................................................................................. 47

Text 2. Computer Process Control..................................................................................................... 50

Text 3. Computer Control in Metals Industries................................................................................................. 53

Text 4. From Gigabytes to Insights.................................................................................................... 56

Text 5. Supervisory Computer Control for the RH Vacuum Degasser.................................................................................................. 60

Text 6. EAF Savings by Systematic Process Tuning..................................................................................................... 64

Text 7. Dynamic Control System for Secondary Cooling of Continuous

Casting Machines              68

Text 8. The Use of PLC’s and Supervisory computers for Blast

Furnace Stockhouse Automation................................................................................. 72

Text 9. Computer Control of Cooling Sprays on Vintage Slab Casters..................................................................................................... 76

Text 10. Complex Automation Control System of Electric

Steelshop № 2 at Kuznetsk Metallurgical Works.......................................................................................... 80

Text 11. Products on Display..................................................................................................... 81

Section III

Texts for Supplementary Reading.................................................................................................... 82

The History of Modern Computers............................................................................................... 82

Common Operating Systems.................................................................................................... 88

Programs and Programming........................................................................................... 92

The Internet.................................................................................................... 94

The History of the Internet.................................................................................................... 97

On-Line Bid Management for Plant and Equipment............................................................................................... 98

Vocabulary.............................................................................................. 99

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations........................................................................................ 111

References............................................................................................. 112

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E

Лицом к неличным формам

Section I

Text 1. The Fastest Growing Industry in the World

50 years ago, people hadn’t even heard of computers, and today we cannot imagine life without them.

Computer technology is the fastest-growing industry in the world. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed a ton. Today, its job can be done by a chip the size of pin head. And the revolution is still going on.

Very soon we’ll have computers that we’ll wear on our wrists or even in our glasses and earrings. Such wearable computers are being developed in the USA.

Japan’s biggest mobile-phone company has just released its cleverest product so far, a mobile phone that allows you to surf the Internet as well as make calls. People are already using the phone to check the news headlines, follow the stock market and download the latest jokes. Soon they will be able to buy cinema tickets and manage their bank accounts.

The next generation of computers will be able to talk and even think for themselves. They will contain electronic ‘neural networks’. Of course, they’ll be still a lot simpler than human brains, but it will be a great step forward. Such computers will help to diagnose illnesses, find minerals, understand and control the world’s money markets, identify criminals and control space travel.

Computer revolution is changing our life and our language, too. We are constantly making up new words or giving new meanings to old ones. Most of computer terms are born in Silicon Valley, the world’s top computer-science centre.

Lexical Exercises

I. Find the translation of the following words in the vocabulary, transcribe them, read aloud and remember.

II. Check your comprehension. Which variant is correct according to the text?

1.  The smallest computers will soon be

a)  in our glasses and earrings

b)  in every doorbell

c)  in Silicon Valley

d)  in Japan’s biggest mobile phone company

2.  The mobile phone that has been released by Japan’s phone company allows users to

a)  see a person you speak to

b)  surf the Internet

c)  drive a car

d)  control your health

3    Computer revolution makes people

e)  spend time surfing the Internet

f)  create new words

g)  download the latest jokes

III. Answer the questions.

1.  What was the size of the first computer? What is the size of the latest chip?

2.  What device has been developed in Japan? What are the functions of this device?

3.  What will the next generation of computers be able to do?

4.  In which way does the computer revolution change our life?

5.  What is Silicon Valley?

Grammar Focus

IV. Put the verb into the correct form (Present Simple or Present Continuous).

1.  People already (to use) the phone to check the news headlines, follow the stock market and download the latest jokes.

2.  Most of computer terms (to be born) in Silicon Valley, the world’s top computer-science centre.

3.  Computer revolution (to change) our life and our language, too.

4.  We constantly (to make) up new words or (to give) new meanings to old ones.

5.  Three basic characteristics (to distinguish) a computer from other information-processing devices.

6.  The existence of all these different types of computers (to raise