to maintain suspense by withholding information/ using coincidence/ providing the reader with information that the characters do not have, etc.
to retain/ withhold/ hold back information from the reader
to retain interest
8. SYMBOLS
a symbol allowing of a variety of interpretations/ defying single interpretation a symbol conveys/ represents/ indicates the idea/ concept/ notion of ... a symbolic/ suggestive character/ action/ object/ detail, etc. an allegory
an effective/ striking/ unexpected/ powerful/ significant/ easily conceivable/ universal/ traditional symbol
the author relies on symbols to intensify the idea
the author uses symbols in unexpected ways
the author’s use of symbols requires (no) elaborate interpretation
the images/ objects represent abstract ideas/ feelings
the meaning of the symbol changes at this/ that point
the story/ novel, etc., is heavily marked with symbols
the story has two layers of meaning
the story uses symbols extensively
the symbol has a straightforward meaning
the symbol has different meanings/ levels of meaning
to acquire a symbolic meaning in the context of a story/ novel, etc.
to be an image of something
to be related to/ based on/ associated with something
to be rich in implications
to carry positive/ negative connotation
to discover/ perceive/ examine symbols
to provide analogy for something to serve as a sign/ reflection of ...
to symbolize/ to signify/ to suggest/ to denote/ to embody/ to represent/ to stand for something
9. TITLE
the title accentuates/ emphasizes/ strengthens/ reinforces the author’s idea that ...
the title allows of different interpretations/ can be interpreted in different ways
the title can be interpreted as an (in)direct expression of the author’s idea/ message
the title can be linked to the story’s message in the following way ...
the title captures the essence of the story which is ...
the title contributes to the overall effect of the story
the title creates a sense of anticipation/curiosity about what will happen in the story
the title echoes certain events in the story
the title evokes immediate response from the reader
the title has several meanings/ layers of meaning
the title immediately arouses interest in the reader
the title implies that/ hints at/ indirectly expresses/ is suggestive of ...
the title is a means of creating suspense
the title is indispensable/ crucial/ essential for understanding the meaning of the story
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the title orientates the reader toward the story in that it helps to disclose the hero’s personality/ to concentrate on the most relevant detail of the setting/ turn of the events, etc.
the title points out/ reveals the underlying meaning of the events
the title serves/ functions as a foreshadowing
the title stimulates/ encourages/ urges the reader to think about...
the title the author chose is appropriate/ imaginative/ apt/ original/ intriguing/ foreshadowing/ symbolic/ ironic, etc.
the title unites all the aspects/ elements of the story together
10. TONE
ironic/ bitter/ mild humour
the actions/ words/ descriptions of the characters are intended to provoke/ cause laughter
the author creates/ assumes/ establishes/ maintains a sympathetic/ mocking/ romantic/ lyrical/ dramatic/ sentimental tone
the author criticizes/ laughs at/ attacks/ makes fun of/ exposes ruthlessly/ portrays satirically ...
the author displays ornate/ somewhat florid/ highly figured/ flamboyant/ exuberant style
the author makes ample use of/ relies heavily on epithets/ similes/ metaphors, etc., to achieve a ... effect
the author ridicules/ satirizes different moral and social types/ social conventions, etc.
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