Functional morphology of inner membrane of joints, страница 2

3.  Dept. Anat. , Baskir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia

4.  Dept. Anat. , Baskir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia

This investigation was undertaken to achieve better understanding of serous fluid exchange processes mechanism from morphological point of view.  Holes in basal membrane of serous coats (peritoneum and pleura) were studied. Three-dimension light microscopy was used. The above mentioned holes are localized in rows and groups between the folds of diaphragmatic peritoneum and pleura. Holes diameter is about 3 mkm. Fibers of superficial collagen layer form round “windows” with diameter of 50 mkm, which are situated just under the holes of basal membrane. The above mentioned “windows” lead to narrow splits, mouths of “hatch” which are 100 mkm long. These “hatch” mouths are situated in rows along deep collagen layer fibres. The distance between them is 0,5 mm. The angle between the mouths and the direction of  the fibres is 45°. They are limited by collagen fascicles of deep fiber layer of serous coats. The mouth opens into a large split-like cavity – “hatch’, which is 0.2 x 3.0 mm. There are deep and wide furrows on the bottom of the “hatches”. The walls of the “hatches” formed by connective tissue fibers, are strengthened by collagen fascicule. Some of this fascicules are thrown over “hatch” cavity and are split into separate fibers which are fixed to collagen fasciculi of the walls. Contours of “mouths” and “hatches” are noticeable on the surface of serous coat. Blood and lymphatic microvessels are situated in the walls of the “hatches”. This blood and lymphatic capillaries have got all the necessary morphological attributes to provide fluid exchange. It should be considered that serous fluid is deposited in the “hatches”. In addition these “hatched” along with the vessels are devices for the exchange of serous fluid.

Form and size of the places of knee joint ligaments fixation in prenatal ontogenesis

E. Kh. Akhmetdinova 1, V. Sh. Vagapova 2

1.  Dept. Anat. , Baskir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia

2.  Dept. Anat. , Baskir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia

Human knee joint in different ages has its own peculiarities of structure, which should be taken into consideration in practical traumatology and orthopedy. Therefore it is necessary to investigate the development of human knee joint elements in ontogenesis. Theoretical significance of this research is important because it gives a clue to understanding of functional morphology of a joint. The knowledge of the structure peculiarities of joint elements in prenatal ontogenesis allows to determine morphogenesis regularities of a joint on the whole. The study of the places of knee joint ligaments fixation is of  certain interest because  these places are  the transitional zones. It is in the transitional zones that the earliest features of pathological conditions take place. Complex investigation of the ligaments of knee joints was carried out on the joints of fetuses and those of newborns. According to the analysis of the results of our investigation it can be concluded that the form of the places of fixation of collateral and cruciate ligaments of knee joint resembles that of the adults. Proximal ends of cruciate ligaments of a knee joint are of a semilunar form and the places of their fixation, distal ends, are of stretch ellipsis form. Proximal and distant ends of tibial collateral ligament have a narrow zone in the places of fixation. The shape of the place of fibular collateral ligament fixation resembles that of an ellipsis. Increase of the size of the place of fixation is in progress till adolescence. Knowledge of the main stages of ligaments development is of great value for the study of organogenesis of joints. In addition, the received data about the form and size of the places of joint ligament fixation in ontogenesis will be of certain importance in orthopedic practice.

Definition of critical periods of joint formation is important to elucidate different paces of development and mechanisms of dysplasia origin. And finally, the results of this research are the starting point to study age morphology of the elements of the joint in postnatal ontogenesis. Therefore there is a special interest of scientists in the study of the structure and age-related changes of fixation elements of a human joint. Besides structure peculiarities of collateral and cruciate lagaments of a knee joint in the place of fixation are of great interest as well.

Form and size of the places of knee joint ligaments fixation in prenatal ontogenesis

E. Kh. Akhmetdinova 1, V. Sh. Vagapova 2

1.  Dept. Anat. , Baskir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia

2.  Dept. Anat. , Baskir State Medical University, Ufa, Russia

Human knee joint in different ages has its own peculiarities of structure, which should be taken into consideration in practical traumatology and orthopedy. Therefore it is necessary to investigate the development of human knee joint elements in ontogenesis.

Theoretical significance of this research is important because it gives a clue to understanding of functional morphology of a joint. The knowledge of the structure peculiarities of joint elements in prenatal ontogenesis allows to determine morphogenesis regularities of a joint on the whole. Definition of critical periods of joint formation is important to elucidate different paces of development and mechanisms of dysplasia origin. And finally, the results of this research are the starting point to study age morphology of the elements of the joint in postnatal ontogenesis. Therefore there is a special interest of scientists in the study of the structure and age-related changes of fixation elements of a human joint. Besides structure peculiarities of collateral and cruciate lagaments of a knee joint in the place of fixation are of great interest as well.

The study of the places of knee joint ligaments fixation is of the certain interest because  these places are one of the transitional zones. It is in the transitional zones that the earliest features of pathological conditions take place.

Complex investigation of the ligaments of knee joints was carried out in prenatal ontogenesis and those of newborns.

According to the analysis of the results of our investigation it can be concluded that the form of the places of fixation of collateral and cruciate ligaments of knee joint resembles that of the adults. Proximal ends of cruciate ligaments of a knee joint are of a semilunar form and the places of their fixation, distal ends, are of stretch ellipsis form. Proximal and distant ends of tibial collateral ligament have a narrow zone in the places of fixation. The shape of the place of fibular collateral ligament fixation resembles that of an ellipsis. Increase of the size of the place of fixation is in progress till adolescence. Knowledge of the main stages of ligaments development is of great value for the study of organogenesis of joints. In addition, the received data about the form and size of the places joint ligament fixation in ontogenesis will be of certain importance in orthopedic practice.