Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no. Модальные обороты to have to, to have got to. Согласование времен (Sequence of Tenses), страница 2

additional words

1. Грамматика

1.1. Неопределенные местоимения some, any, no

 Эти местоимения употребляются с исчисляемыми и неисчисляемыми существительными. В утвердительной форме употребляется местоимение some.

Help yourself to some nuts.

I’d better like some juice.

В вопросительной форме употребляется местоимение any [‘eni].

Have you got any nuts? – I’ve got some.

Have you got any tea?  - I’ve got some.

В отрицательной форме употребляется местоимение anyилиno.

I have no neighbors. She has no coffee.

Или: I haven’t got any neighbors. She hasn’t got any coffee.

Упражнение 1. Ответьте на вопросы.

1. Have you got any projects? 2. Has he got any partners? 3. Have they got any coffee? 4. Have we got any cups? 5. Have you got any cream? 6. Have they got any needs?

Упражнение 2. Сделайте предложения вопросительными и дайте на них отрицательные ответы.

1. They have some friends in London. 2. I have got some newspapers. 3. She has got some juice.  4. I took some medicine five minutes ago. 5. She’s got some nuts. 6. He has got this awful habit.

1.2. Сложныеместоименияинаречия

1. 2.1. Местоимения, производные от some, any, no

Местоимения some, any, noв сочетании сbody, thingиone образуют неопределенные местоимения somebody, someone (кто-нибудь), something (что-нибудь), anybody (anyone) (кто-нибудь), anything (что-нибудь) и отрицательные местоимения nobody, noone (никто) и nothing [‘nATiN] (ничто).

Местоимения somebody (someone), something употребляются в утвердительных предложениях, anybody (anyone) и anything – в отрицательных предложениях и в общих вопросах, а nobody (noone)иnothing– в отрицательных предложениях.

1. 2.2. Наречия, производные от some, any, no

Местоимения some, any, no в сочетании сwhereобразуют неопределенные наречия somewhere (где-то, куда-то), anywhere (где-нибудь, куда-нибудь)и отрицательное наречие nowhere (нигде, никуда).

1. 2.3.Производные от местоимения every

Everyв сочетании с body, one, thing образует местоимения everybody, everyone (каждый, все) и everything (все). С whereобразуется наречие everywhere (везде).

Упражнение 3. Сделайте предложения вопросительными и дайте на них отрицательные ответы.

1. Somebody is in the sitting-room. 2. Somebody called you up yesterday. 3. There was something on the table. 4. She saw somebody in the garden. 5. We shall go somewhere tomorrow. 6. Someone is coming now.

Упражнение 4. Ответьте на вопросы утвердительно и отрицательно по образцам:

Did anybody take this medicine yesterday? – I did. Nobody did.

Is there anybody in the room? - There isn’t anybody there. There is nobody there.

Did she ask anybody to come last week? – Yes she did. She asked somebody to come. No, she didn’t. She didn’t ask anybody to come. She ask nobody to come.

Do you see anything here? – I see everything here. I don’t see anything here. I see nothing here.

1. Did anybody call me up yesterday? 2. Will anybody come to see you tomorrow? 3. Did anybody help you to clean the house? 4. Can anybody catch cold? 5. Does anybody know his friend?  6.  Is there anybody in the kitchen? 7. Is there anybody at the window? 8. Was there anybody here when you came? 9. Was there anything on the wall? 10. Was there anything interesting there? 11. Do you hear anything?