PastIndefiniteTense– часова форма дієслова, яка виражає дію, що відбулася або відбувалася в минулому. За способом утворення PastIndefinite дієслова в англійській мові поділяються на правильні і неправильні.
Стверджувальна форма правильних дієслів утворюється додаванням до інфінітива без частки toзакінчення –ed, яке вимовляється так:
[t] – після глухих приголосних, крім t;
to ask – asked
to like - liked
[d] – після дзвінких приголосних, крім d, та після голосних:
to clean – cleaned
to play - played
[ıd] – після t, d, te, de:
to want – wanted
to hate – hated
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! Запам’ятай: |
to love – loved |
to stop - stopped |
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to study – studied |
to prefer - preferred |
Стверджувальна форманеправильних дієслів утворюється по різному. Її слід запам’ятати. (Див. додаток 2 “Таблиця неправильних дієслів”).Питальна та заперечна форми утворюється з допоміжного дієслова did та інфінітива без частки to.
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+ S + Ved / V(II) |
He worked in the garden. |
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They went to the park. |
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? Did S V … ? |
Didyou go to the university yesterday? |
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- S + did not (didn’t) V |
I didn’t go to the university yesterday. |
2.Вживання минулого неозначеного часу.
Past Indefiniteвживається для вираження
а) одноразової або постійної дії в минулому. Час минулої дії уточнюється обставинними словами yesterday вчора, lastweekминулого тижня, lastyearторік,lastsummerминулого літа,theotherdayнедавно.
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e.g.They lived in Sumy before 1991. |
Вони мешкали в Сумах до 1991 року. |
б) ряду послідовних дій в минулому:
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e.g.I dressed, wentdownstairs, had some coffee in the kitchen and went out to the garage. |
Я одягнувся, зійшов вниз, випив кави в кухні і пішов у гараж. |
в) повторюваної дії в минулому:
e.g. I saw her every day. Я бачив її щодня.
3.Минулий неоначений час дієслова tobe.
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+ |
- |
? |
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I was He was She was It was We were You were They were |
I was not (wasn’t) He was not She was not It was not We were not (weren’t) You were not They were not |
Was I …? Was he …? Was she…? Was it …? Were we …? Were you …? Were they …? |
1.Make the following interrogative and negative.
1.The teacher repeated the question. 2.The boys played football in the afternoon. 3.She woke up early yesterday. 4.He flew to London in September. 5.They were at home on Sunday.
2.In this exercise you have to reada sentence about the present and then write a sentence about the past.
1. Tom usually wakes up early. Yesterday morning …
2. Tom usually walks to work. Yesterday …
3. Tom is usually late for his work. Yesterday …
4. Tom usually has a sandwich for lunch. Yesterday …
5. Tom usually goes out in the evening. Yesterday …
6. Tom usually sleeps very well. Last night …
3.This time you have to put one of these verbs in each sentence.
hurt teach spend sell throw fall catch buy cost
1. Tom’s father … him how to drive when he was 17.
2. Don … down the stairs this morning and … his leg.
3. We needed some money so we … our car.
4. Ann … a lot of money yesterday. She … a dress which … £ 50.
5. Jim … the ball to Sue who … it.
4.In this exercise you have to write questions. A friend has just come back from holiday and you are asking him about it.
1. How long / stay there? ……….
2. Stay in a hotel? ………..
3. Go alone? ………..
4. How / travel? ……….
5. The weather fine? ……….
6. What / do in the evenings? ………..
7. Meet any interesting people? ……….
5. Put the verb into the correct form. All the sentences refer to the past.
1. Tom (not / shave) this morning because he (not / have) time.
2. We (not / eat) anything because we (not / be) hungry.
3. I (not / rush) because I (not / be) in a hurry.
4. She (not / be) interested in the book because she (not / understand) it.
6.Open the brackets and put the verb into the correct form.
1.I (see) Pete at the party last week. He (meet) Ann there and (fall) in love with her at first sight. 2.Yesterday my younger brother (be) on duty and (come) home from school later than usual. 3.Now my friend smokes a lot but he (not / smoke) at all before. 4.The weather is nice today, but yesterday it (be) bad. 5.Today in the morning I (walk) quickly because I (feel) cold. 6.I usually sleep well but last night I (not / sleep) at all. 7.When you (write) to your parents last time?
7. Here is a list of some things that Ann does every day. Write what she did yesterday.
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9.00 – has breakfast 9.30-10.30 – reads the newspaper 11.00-12.00 – cleans her flat |
12.00-12.30 – has lunch 1.00-4.00 - does some washing, ironing, cleaning etc. |
1. Rewrite the following texts referring them to the past.
A.
On Monday we have five lessons. The first lesson is Ukrainian. At this lesson we write a dictation and do some exercises. Nick goes to the blackboard. He answers well and gets a ‘five’. Pete does not get a ‘five’ because he does not know his lesson. After the second lesson I go to the canteen. I eat a sandwich and drink a cup of tea. I do not drink milk. After school I do not go home at once. I go to the library and take a book. Then I go home.
B.
On Tuesday I get up at half past six. I go to the bathroom and wash my hands and face and clean my teeth. Then I dress, go to the kitchen and cook breakfast for my family. At half past seven my son gets up and has breakfast. I have breakfast with my son. My son eats a sandwich and drinks a cup of tea. I don’t drink tea. I drink coffee. After breakfast my son leaves home for school. I don’t leave home with my son. On Tuesday I don’t work in the morning. I work in the afternoon. In the evening I am at home. My husband and my son are at home too. We rest in the evening. My son watches TV, my husband reads newspapers and I do some work about the house. At about eleven o’clock we go to bed.
C.
Boris wakes up when it is already quite light. He looks at his watch. It is a quarter to seven. Quick! Boris jumps out of bed and runs to the bathroom. He has just time to take a cold shower and drink a glass of tea with bread and butter. He is in a hurry to catch the eight o’clock train.
At the railway station he meets three other boys from his group. They all have small backpacks and fishing-rods.
In less than an hour they get off the train at a small station near a wood. They walk very quickly and soon find themselves on the shore of a large lake the boys spend the whole day there fishing, boating and swimming.
They return home late at night, tired but happy.
2.Refer the actions in the brackets to the past according to the model
M O D E L: Is he going to buy a present for Mary tomorrow? (the day before yesterday ) – No, he bought it the day before yesterday.
1. Are you going to see Peter tonight? (last night)
2. Is Ann going to write to Mary tomorrow? (yesterday)
3. Is Jane going to meet Mr Brown next Friday? (last Friday)
4. Are you going to have dinner now? (an hour ago)
5. Is Jim going to help them tomorrow? (the day before yesterday)
6. Is Jill going to dictate letters after lunch? (two hours ago)
7. Is she going to answer their questions tomorrow? (yesterday)
8. Is Peter going to play piano tonight ? (this morning)
9. Is Ann going to be on a diet next month? (two months ago)
10. Are Peter and Nick going to the library this afternoon? (yesterday afternoon)
3. Translate into English.
1.Діти допомагали батькам. 2.Батько прийшов додому пізно. 3.Що ви робили в неділю? 4.Де ти була вчора ввечері? Я ходив у кіно. Тобі сподобався фільм? - Так, фільм мені дуже сподобався. 5.Що ви робили на уроці англійської мови? - Ми читали новий текст, відповідали на запитання і перекладали речення з української мови на англійську. 6.Коли ви почали вивчати англійську мову? – Ми почали вивчати англійську мову три роки тому. 7.Скільки сторінок ви прочитали минулого тижня? – Минулого тижня я прочитав десять сторінок. Мені подобається ця книжка. 8.Де ви були позавчора? – Ми їздили на екскурсію на машинобудівний завод. Екскурсія була дуже цікавою. 9.О котрій годині ти звичайно встаєш? – Я встаю о сьомій годині. 10.О котрій годині ти встав учора. Вчора я встав о восьмій.
1.Put the words in the right order and make questions.
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1.first / your / what’s / name |
5.are / married / you |
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2.are / old / you / how/ |
6.do / do / you / what |
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3.much / earn / how / you / do |
7.and / you / brothers / sisters / do / any /have |
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4.do / live / you / where |
8.from / where / come / do / you |
2.a)Look at the past indefinite form of these verbs and write their infinitive form.
Carried, closed, became, came, continued, chose, danced, decided, cost, cut, liked, did, hit, had, heard, lived, left, knew, made, met, stopped, put, ran, read, said, travelled, shut, took, told, understood, tried, went, wrote.
b)Which verbs have the same form in the Present and the Past
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