Технология изготовления питьевого йогурта (статья на английском языке), страница 2

- It is possible to close, it if the product was not completely used and will be further transported and tightening of the cap by hand is sufficient for reliable protection of packaging from bottling of the product, even if a bottle is upside-down.

In the food industry depreciation costs, maintenance costs of equipment and its power-supply dominate in the cost price of the product and make up about 80%. By reducing these costs, we will achieve a significant reduction in production costs and be able to sell at more attractive price than the competitors. From this we may conclude that to ensure the profitability of production it is necessary to use the most efficient, reliable, energy-saving equipment, manfacturing products which meet all quality standards [33,36,40].

The designed equipment, in addition to a significant increase in the level of automation and security, has a lot of constructive solutions that provide significant power savings, making competitive in the market of food manufacturing equipment [18-20].

The developed corking machine includes a lot of energy-saving solutions, for example:

• More effective primary and adjusting the drive;

• Lightweight lifters of closure axes;

• Significantly light and technologically advanced (and as a consequence considerably cheaper) capping heads;

• Lightweight screw.

Hopper for feeding of the tubes is designed with minimum material costs has the most effective motor - reducer belt feeding was excluded from the drive belt. All this together gave 25% reduction in energy consumption, coupled with the increased by more than 15% capacity has substantial cost savings per unit of output [18, 19, 36].

At present in the food industry for sealing a container of liquid and pasty foods are used a variety of capping materials: Natural spectral cortical, compositional (glued) and pressed powder cork; Crown tin cover (crown - the top) with the laying of cork or plastic; different shaped tubes and caps made of polyethylene, aluminum packs of different types with cardboard padding and without it. The use of those or other types of capping materials is caused by technological and economic requirements which, in due turn provides for the use of different tipes of capping machines [13-18].

Basic parameters of capping machines are standard. Technical performance of machines should be 1,1. The machine drives with capacity of 12 thousand bottles per hour and above should provide stepless control of productivity and light or sound alarm on the reduction of reserve closures to the minimum permissible. The module of all capping machines (multi-position) is 35 mm. The number of closures in multi-position machines, are 4, 6, 8,10, 12 [18].

All corking machines should be equipped with locks "no bottle - no means of closure" and "jamming the bottle - drive off". The resource of a capping machine before the first major repair is not less than 6 thousand hours [13-18].

Capping machines of various types including certain groups of mechanisms: supplying of bottles to the machine and feeding them under the capping rounds, moving the bottles (on lifting tables by using the latter), or moving the capping  rounds (when moving the rounds), orientation and feeding tubes, hopper feeders capping round themselves, drive and auxiliary units (compressor, locks, etc.). Because of the diversity of capping materials and methods of sealing the design of the machine as a whole and individual working bodies is different. All machines with a capacity over 3 thousand bottles per hour (exceptpressing) are of multiposition rotary type [13-18].

Basic mechanisms of capping machines. Unlike other machines on bottling lines, liquid and pasty products capping machines have a number of mechanisms that are common to all structures. Part of the mechanisms of some machines is used in other machines (it mostly concerns closures and is caused by a relatively large range of corking materials). Besides, capping machines more than others are subject to modernization by the enterprises themselves. Below there is a description of individual mechanisms capping machines, used in industry [15-17].

Charging Devices of capping machines typically consist of the following elements [15-17].:

-Tank caps with a mechanism to prevent its overflow;

-Capture mechanism and the orientation of the tubes;

-Caplines;

-Mechanism for single item issue.