History and future of the internet. Формы пассивного залога простых, длительных и совершенных времен. Computer-Related Products. Модальные глаголы и выражения, модальные глаголы с перфектным инфинитивом (Задания на контрольные работы № 5, 6)

Контрольная работа № 5

Лексическая тема: История и будущее Интернета. Грамматические темы: формы пассивного залога простых, длительных и совершенных времен.

Задание 1. Прочтите и письменно переведите текст, выполните задания к нему.

HISTORY AND FUTURE OF THE INTERNET

Задание 2. К словам из столбика (А) подберите слова с таким же значениемThe Internet, the global computer network, which embraces millions of users all over the world, was originally formed in 1970s as a military experiment. It was designed to survive a nuclear war. When information is sent over the Internet, it takes the shortest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the Internet can stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology is called packet swithing

Most of the Internet host computers are in the USA, while the rest are located in more than 100 other countries. But nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet, there are millions, and their number is constantly increasing.

The most popular Internet service is electronic mail (e-mail). Most of the people, who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. However, other popular services are reading USENET News, using the World Wide Web, telnet, and Gopher. International sites provide thousands of portions of data available to individual users.

In many developing countries the Internet provides businessmen with a reliable alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems of these countries. Commercial users can communicate over the Internet with the rest of the world and can do it very cheaply. When they send e-mail messages, they only pay a monthly or hourly fee for phone calls to their local service providers, not for calls across the countries or around the world. But saving money is only the first step. A number of commercial on-line services also provide a great range of information including on-line conferencing, electronic mail transfer, program loading and so on. Many American banks and companies conduct transactions over the Internet. The development of the World Wide Web leads to the rapid introduction of new business tools and activities that may lead to annual business transactions on the Internet worth hundreds of billions of dollars.

However, some problems remain. The most important is security. When you send an e-mail message to somebody, the data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. Because of this, it is possible to get into any computer along the route and change the information. But when it becomes necessary to send important information over the network, strong encoding programs are used.

из столбика (Б). Полученные синонимы запишите и переведите.

(А)       1) to link                      (В)       a) to communicate

2)  route                                    b) to connect

3)  to send                                c) growth

4)  to embrace                          d) safety

5)  to be located                       e) way

6)  increase                              f) towards

7)  to stay in touch                    g) to be situated

8)  security                               h) to include

9)  to                                        i) to transfer

10) rapid                                  j) fast

Задание З. К словам в столбике (А) подберите слова с противоположным значением в столбике (В). Полученные антонимы запишите и переведите.

(А)       1) to increase               (В)       a) inexpensive

2)  reliable                                b) to decrease

3)  expensive                            c) to disconnect

4)  to send                                 d) unreliable

5)  to connect                            e) to receive

Задание 4. Подберите русские эквиваленты к английским словам и выражениям.

a)  number                                1) плата

b)  fee                                       2) стоящий

c)  available                              3) обеспечивать (чем-либо)

d)  on-line services                    4) подключаемые услуги

e)  worth                                   5) доступный, имеющийся в распоряжении