Simply stated, verification ensures that a product is built right (according to specifications), while validation ensures that the right product is built (to fulfill its intended use). More formally, verification and validation are defined as follows*:
1) Verification. Verification ensures that selected work products, product components, and products meet specified requirements and standards. Verification is inherently an incremental process since it occurs throughout the development of work products and products, beginning with initial concepts, progressing through subsequent changes, and continuing throughout the lifecycle.
2) Validation. Validation demonstrates whether a product will fulfill its specified purpose when placed in any aspect of its intended environment such as operation, training, manufacturing, maintenance, or support services. The methods employed to accomplish validation can be applied to work products as well as to the product. Work products are selected on the basis of being the best predictors of how well the product and product component will satisfy user needs and the level of risk they present to the program. Validation is performed early and incrementally throughout the product lifecycle, often requiring rigorous analysis to ensure that the right product is being procured.
*Note: The V&V definitions are consistent with Capability Maturity Model® Integration (CMMI®). CMMI® is an internationally recognized model for development and acquisition. It is the best-practices model used by the Government Accountability Office as the basis for quality audits and process assessments. Additionally, V&V and Quality Assurance (QA) are complimentary processes with different purposes and objectives. V&V focuses on ensuring that requirements are met, the overall project is focusing on user/mission needs, and risk is managed. QA, on the other hand, focuses on ensuring that established processes are followed in producing the product.
V&V applies across the AMS lifecycle to support the FAA in creating the best products for the agency and its stakeholders. V&V supports key decisions and ensures that the developed product will fulfill mission needs and specification requirements. These products may be systems, services, operational changes, or facilities. V&V improves the overall efficiency and effectiveness of a program and its management across the AMS lifecycle. It is a systemic activity that supports decision-making and risk management.
The Enterprise Architecture (EA) is a major source criterion for V&V. The EA defines the operational and technical framework for all capital assets of the FAA. It describes the agency’s current and target architectures, as well as the transition strategy for moving from the current to the target architecture. The V&V of critical work products and products are premised on the EA infrastructure roadmaps, which support the FAA’s Flight Plan and Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) operational concepts. The EA infrastructure roadmaps are fully integrated plans of new initiatives (or upgrades to existing investments already in the field) which enhance visualization of new investments and their contribution to the National Airspace System (NAS), including linkages to benefits, requirements, and other elements affecting the NAS. The EA also supports the sizing and scoping of investments in terms of complexity (e.g., number of interfaces, stakeholders impacted, etc.). Therefore, it is used to verify and validate critical work products such as needs, requirements, concepts of use, and strategies. Finally, the EA is updated and refined based on the results and knowledge acquired from the conduct of V&V.
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