to enter a character’s mind, train/ course of thought
to feel an emotional connection with a character
to give an insight into the inner world of the character
to give the reader a sense of identification with the character
to make objective observations
to make the story sound true to life/ to increase the credibility of the story
we get a deep understanding of how an individual experiences the world
we perceive the world of the story/ receive the story through the eyes of the main character
6. SETTING
a character’s background becomes central to the story a realistic/ historical/ fantastic/ exotic/ rural setting
the atmosphere/ the character’s background becomes central to the story because ...
the author establishes the time and the place of the action as ...
the author is more concerned with social/ cultural environment of the characters than specific physical objects
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the idea is inconceivable without the specific setting ... the scene is laid ...
the setting acquires a symbolic meaning the setting contributes to the single effect of the story the setting functions/ serves as a contrasting background to ... the setting has a symbolic meaning which can be interpreted as ... the setting helps to determine the characters’ hopes/ aspirations/ habits/ desires/ conflicts/ fate, etc.
the setting helps to identify the genre of the story as ... the setting is crucial to the creation of a complete work
the setting is established in the exposition/ scattered throughout the whole story
the setting is vital for understanding the message of the story the setting plays a great role in the operation of the story/ in conveying the message because ...
the social background/ cultural environment/ landscape/ historical period/ geographical location, etc. is the most important element of the setting in the story/ is as important as the characters themselves
the span of time the story covers
the story is set in ...
to construct the world of the story
to create a tragic/ dramatic/ peaceful/ serene/ still/ undisturbed/ tranquil/ gloomy/ weary/ grim/ depressing/ cheerful/ lively/ blissful/ idyllic, etc. atmosphere
to encourage the reader to ...
to enhance characterization by ...
to express/ frame/ reflect/ parallel the emotional state of the character
to increase the credibility of the characters and events in the story
to individualize a character
to reveal certain features of a character’s personality
7. SUSPENSE/ SURPRISE
skilful sustention of suspense
the action in the story is highly suspenseful
the author gives a hint/ hints at some future events
the author plays with the reader’s expectations
the author raises certain expectations in the reader
the author relies heavily on suspense
the author shows his ability to keep the reader in suspense
the author skilfully uses the techniques of suspense and surprise in the story
the climax comes as a complete surprise/ as a revelation/ as a relief, etc.
the complications are arranged along an ascending scale
the plot thickens
the reader is really taken aback/ startled/ confused/ puzzled/ bemused/ bewildered, etc. by the unexpected turn of events
the suspense in the following lines is created with the help of/ by means of ...
the suspense is intensified by ...
the tension builds toward the main conflict
the tension increases/ rises as the plot moves on
to anticipate significant events
to awaken/ arouse/ hold the reader's interest
to create/ build up/ heighten/ increase suspense in the story
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