Talking About Stories. Theoretical Preliminaries. The Plan for Rendering the Story. Some Helpful Questions for Further Text Analysis, страница 10

to maintain suspense by withholding information/ using coincidence/ providing the reader with information that the characters do not have, etc.

to retain/ withhold/ hold back information from the reader

to retain interest

8. SYMBOLS

a symbol allowing of a variety of interpretations/ defying single interpretation a symbol conveys/ represents/ indicates the idea/ concept/ notion of ... a symbolic/ suggestive character/ action/ object/ detail, etc. an allegory

an effective/ striking/ unexpected/ powerful/ significant/ easily conceivable/ universal/ traditional symbol

the author relies on symbols to intensify the idea

the author uses symbols in unexpected ways

the author’s use of symbols requires (no) elaborate interpretation

the images/ objects represent abstract ideas/ feelings

the meaning of the symbol changes at this/ that point

the story/ novel, etc., is heavily marked with symbols

the story has two layers of meaning

the story uses symbols extensively

the symbol has a straightforward meaning

the symbol has different meanings/ levels of meaning

to acquire a symbolic meaning in the context of a story/ novel, etc.

to be an image of something

to be related to/ based on/ associated with something

to be rich in implications

to carry positive/ negative connotation

to discover/ perceive/ examine symbols

to provide analogy for something to serve as a sign/ reflection of ...

to symbolize/ to signify/ to suggest/ to denote/ to embody/ to represent/ to stand for something

9. TITLE

the title accentuates/ emphasizes/ strengthens/ reinforces the author’s idea that ...

the title allows of different interpretations/ can be interpreted in different ways

the title can be interpreted as an (in)direct expression of the author’s idea/ message

the title can be linked to the story’s message in the following way ...

the title captures the essence of the story which is ...

the title contributes to the overall effect of the story

the title creates a sense of anticipation/curiosity about what will happen in the story

the title echoes certain events in the story

the title evokes immediate response from the reader

the title has several meanings/ layers of meaning

the title immediately arouses interest in the reader

the title implies that/ hints at/ indirectly expresses/ is suggestive of ...

the title is a means of creating suspense

the title is indispensable/ crucial/ essential for understanding the meaning of the story

17

 
the title of the story is eye-catching/ thought-provoking/ challenging

the title orientates the reader toward the story in that it helps to disclose the hero’s personality/ to concentrate on the most relevant detail of the setting/ turn of the events, etc.

the title points out/ reveals the underlying meaning of the events

the title serves/ functions as a foreshadowing

the title stimulates/ encourages/ urges the reader to think about...

the title the author chose is appropriate/ imaginative/ apt/ original/ intriguing/ foreshadowing/ symbolic/ ironic, etc.

the title unites all the aspects/ elements of the story together

10. TONE

ironic/ bitter/ mild humour

the actions/ words/ descriptions of the characters are intended to provoke/ cause laughter

the author creates/ assumes/ establishes/ maintains a sympathetic/ mocking/ romantic/ lyrical/ dramatic/ sentimental tone

the author criticizes/ laughs at/ attacks/ makes fun of/ exposes ruthlessly/ portrays satirically ...

the author displays ornate/ somewhat florid/ highly figured/ flamboyant/ exuberant style

the author makes ample use of/ relies heavily on epithets/ similes/ metaphors, etc., to achieve a ... effect

the author ridicules/ satirizes different moral and social types/ social conventions, etc.