Features of Examining a Scene of Actio, and the Identification of Victims in the Criminal Cases in Relation to Acts of Terrorism, страница 6

Criminologists all over the world have the desire to influence the way in which society responds to social problems. Criminologists want not only to have special knowledge about the crime as social phenomenon but they want to be involved in developing polices that will really help to prevent crime. They want to ”built a bridge” between their theoretical  knowledge and practical police activity.

Criminology can make a connection between its scientific areas and those part of public attitudes, where new social problems become the reason of  occurrence the new kind of crime (criminal motivation and criminal purpose). Of course, the way between knowledge about the some kinds of crimes and developing new strategy which can prevent this crimes, solve the social problems, is long and hard. But the opportunity of developing this strategy is very important and useful, especially when we talk about crimes, which is made with abusing the special professional knowledge and professional secrets.

In general terms, talking about prevention is talking about something good, unimportantly we are talking about – famine, poverty, diseases or crimes. Prevention includes several actions, special procedures, which are able to predict   sequences of another's actions and show the ways of interventions in this actions.

If we talk about prevention without criminological component, we just talk about the identification of first step of crime fulfillment (instigation, preparations, planning, etc.) and about the police attempt  to nip to the bud this fulfillment, to stop crime from happening. Usually nothing more.

In this case we can’t talk about the crime reduction, so popular in the present times all over the world, because, as it was said earlier, to stop crime from happening in the first step is not the same to prevent crime as social phenomenon. And the solution of this problem as social problem is promised to be more effective then other ways especially when we talk about the crimes in sphere of legal services.

Why? There three ways of crime preventions and they depends of different ways of understanding the term “the reasons of crime”:

·  Those who think that the crime is caused by criminal mind (the mental and psychological reasons) offer psychological ways of solution;

·  Those who adopt the way of “crime behavior” (opportunity) look for solutions in changing in changing the social and physical setting in which crime occurs;

·  Those who adopt the position in linking one and two positions think that the best way is to connect social, psychological and economic ways of solving the problem.

So it is possible to conclude that it is very important for general crime prevention (as a phenomenon not just one crime action) to know about reasons which have caused occurrence of such crimes. If we deal with crimes against people’s life and health we should consider the psychological, mental, social  reason because of which  such kinds of crimes are made (if we talk about one-episode-crime)  or to investigate the past life of the criminal, the social environment, where he was born and lived (when we talk about serial murderers, recidivists, etc). But what we should do when we deal with the abusing with special knowledge and powers? What makes people, who have high juridical education and completely informed about consequences of the illegal activity, to become a criminal? And, the last but not the least question – how can we prevent the crimes in sphere of legal services?

The  crimes in sphere of legal services or crimes made by professional lawyer are new for Russian Federation. When we talk about them we talk about the crimes which is made by  barristers, notaries, lawyers of corporations, private lawyers, lawyers who work in law service companies and so on. All of them have special position which is regulated by special laws (The Federal Law “About the legal professions and lawyer activity”, The Federal Law “About the private notaries”), have legal knowledge in many (and,  because we talk about Russian legal system – usually, in all) brunches of the law and special powers. Such criminal (who in Russian legal studies also is called “the subject of the crime”) usually have prestigious job with a high level of the income, scientific degree (master of law, candidate of legal studies, doctor of legal studies), doesn’t require money, have strong material welfare and social status. As statistics said their age usually  is between 25 and 60 years. In Russian Federation such lawyers, who involved in criminal activity, is called “black lawyers”.