Perpetrators often use vehicles charged with explosive assemblies for their terrorist acts. In this case any remnants of the vehicle, in particular those bearing its unit numbers, should be withdrawn as physical evidence to be used for further criminalistic study and for carrying out explosive technical examination. They may be also used to determine the identity of the owner of such vehicle, although according to the actual situations, perpetrators employ most often stolen vehicles or vehicles acquired by warrant, for their terrorist acts.
In certain circumstances, air samples should be taken with the concurrence of professional bomb technicians (especially when the explosion occurs in an enclosed space or room) in order to obtain additional information about the explosives used for explosion. It appears that this method of ascertaining the details of an explosion should not be ignored. Meanwhile, air samples must not be taken by using a plastic container or low-capacity medical syringe. There is no need to explain the unsuitability of such technique. This procedure should be conducted by using a glass bottle filled with clean water which will be poured out in the scene of actio, the bottle after a short time being stopped up, sealed and attached to the record of examination. Information about the explosive substance may be obtained by making washout or scrape of the surface of any objects found at the place of explosion, or by withdrawing any items made of porous material (cotton-wool, foam rubber, woolen cloth, etc.) that have not been damaged by fire[10].
The main scientific and technical tools applied to survey an explosion epicenter are: (1) ultraviolet illuminators and ordinary lamps for lighting blinded and inaccessible places; (2) metal detectors and magnetic lifters of wide coverage for detecting and collecting metal segments of an explosive assembly; (3) video and photographic devices for recording the state of the material environment and individual objects; (4) portable gas chromatographs for identifying instantaneously the explosive used. In addition to the above equipment, a number of other tools may be employed subject to the source information obtained about the terrorist act committed.
A great amount of survey activities to be conducted by an operational investigative team at the site of explosion, which amount is caused by the specific nature of such offence (wide scatter of objects and their fragments as a result of explosive action, the consequences of a fire which would normally set off, the consequence of the actions undertaken by an emergency service, etc.), urges that criminalistic science should formulate tactical recommendations to ensure the fulfillment of a requirement set for investigative examination, namely its objective and complete character. The fatigue of the investigator and other examiners resulting from a long period of examination will have a pernicious effect on their energies, and reduce their attentiveness and intellectual activity.
Therefore the tactical recommendations with respect to the application of technical tools constitute the most prospective area for criminalistic support to the examination of extensive scenes of actio. The application of video equipment should be positioned as the most widely spread and efficient recommendation for recording a whole package of the results of scene examination, which exceeds, in our opinion, the results of recording an investigative action in the respective report. Along with the information set forth in a report in writing and characterized with certain elements of subjectivism, a video record made with high-technology video equipment enables to register additionally a number of dynamic and audible processes happening in the course of scene examination, which processes may be sometimes of great importance when evaluating the progress and the results of such examination, both during the period of investigation and during the trial. And furthermore, as opposed to an investigator who may become less attentive due to his efforts of examining the scene and making the relevant records for a long interval of time, the video camera will register events in the same mode throughout any period. Therefore the availability of a video camera in the store of criminalistic technical tools, as well as the attendance of a camera operator for shooting, shall be an essential need during the examination of a scene of a terrorist act.
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