UNIT 3
PREHISTORIC AND FEUDAL BRITAIN
LIST OF WORDS
invasion
to conquer
conquest
conqueror
to suffer a defeat
resistance (armed, stubborn, fierce)
to protect oneself from smb.
to maintain army
to expand territory
kingdom
royal authority / power / assent
kingship
succession
succession right
successor
to succeed to the crown
the heir / heiress to the throne
to inherit the crown
inheritance
to claim the throne/ the crown
to be crowned king
to promise loyalty to smb.
ruling class
nobles
knight
landlord
landowner
vassal
medieval / mediaeval
feudalism
feudal
serf
serfdom
peasant
merchant
gentry
middle class
to keep in inferior position
to break the law
to obey the law
to remove that king
to limit smb’s powers
to be bound by the law
TEXT 1. Complete the text by inserting the prepositions from the box. Answer the questions after the text. Use additional information from SUPPLEMENTARY READER (texts 14, 15, 16, 17 ) if necessary.
at, by, from, of, on, under, to, into, by, of, after, to, by, in, by, under, at, from, for, to, by, from, in, to |
The earliest known name of Great Britain is Albion from the Latin albus meaning white (referring ___ the white cliffs of Dover, the first view of Britain ___ the continent. The name Britain descends ___ the Latin name for Britain, Brittania or Brittānia, the land of the Britons. Brittania was used ___ the Romans from the 1st century BC ___ the British Isles taken together. The Romans conquered most ___ the island and this became the Ancient Roman province of Britannia.
For 500 years ___ the Roman Empire fell, the Britons of the south and east of the island were assimilated or displaced ___ Germanic tribes (Angles, Saxons, and Jutes, often referred ___ collectively as Anglo-Saxons). ___ about the same time Gaelic tribes ___ Ireland invaded the north-west, absorbing both the Picts and Britons of northern Britain, eventually forming the Kingdom of Scotland ___ the 9th century. The south-east of Scotland was colonized ___ the Angles and formed, until 1018, a part of the Kingdom of Northumbria. Ultimately, the population of south-east Britain came to be referred ___ , after the Angles, as the English people . Germanic speakers referred to Britons as Welsh. This term eventually came to be applied exclusively ___ the inhabitants of what is now Wales. The Britons living in the areas now known as Wales and Cornwall were not assimilated ___ the Germanic tribes, a fact reflected in the survival of Celtic languages in these areas ___ modern times. ___ the time of the Germanic invasion of Southern Britain, many Britons immigrated to the area now known as Brittany. In the 9th century, a series of Danish assaults ___ northern English kingdoms led to them coming ___ Danish control. In the 10th century, however, all the English kingdoms were unified ___ one ruler as the kingdom of England. In 1066, England was conquered ___ the Normans, who introduced a French ruling élite that was eventually assimilated.
The term "Great Britain" was first used officially in 1474. It was used again in 1604, when King James VI and I, in a deliberate attempt to impose a term which would unite his double inheritance of the kingdoms of Scotland and England, proclaimed his assumption ___ the throne ___ the style "King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland.
1) Explain the origin of the following notions:
Albion, Britain, the English people, the Welsh, the Britons, Great Britain
2) Which of them and in what circumstances were introduced by the Romans and which by the Anglo-Saxons?
3) When and what part of Britain did the Romans use?
4) What tribes are referred to as Anglo-Saxons?
5) When were the English kingdoms unified under one ruler
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