Глагол “to be”. Оборот “there is/are”. Глагол “to have” и оборот “have (has) got”

ГЛАГОЛ “TO BE”

Использование глагола

Глагол “to be” используется в качестве глагола-связки в составном именном сказуемом, соответствуя в русском языке глаголам «быть, являться, находиться». В отличие от русского языка глагол-связка никогда не опускается. Именная часть может быть выражена:

a)  Существительным

We are students. – Мы – студенты.

b)  Прилагательным

She is happy. – Она счастлива.

c)  Числительным

He is twenty. – Ему 20 лет.

Спряжение глагола

Способы перевода

EXERCISES

I. Remember the models

II. Answer the questions

III. Use “to be” in the right form

IV. Make the sentences negative and interrogative

1.  He is interested in research work.

2.  She is interested in taking an active part in the Institute social life.

3.  This senior student is married.

4.  His wife is a nurse.

5.  They are ready for the lesson.

6.  They are late for classes.

7.  They are sorry about it.

V. Ask alternative questions

1.  I am eager to be a doctor. (an economist)

2.  Our education is free of charge. (expensive)

3.  He is interested in medicine. (Physics)

4.  This is a certificate of education. (an application for admission to the medical University)

5.  My friend is a first-year student of the Gomel Medical Institute. (the University)

6.  They were at the library after classes yesterday. (at the canteen)

7.  They will be happy about it. (sorry)

VI. Ask the necessary questions. (Read the answers to the questions)

VII. Write questions with these words

1.  What color / your house last year?

2.  Where / my key?

3.  Where / my trousers?

4.  How old / your grandmother next year?

5.  What color / his hair many years ago?

6.  How much / these shoes?

7.  Who / your favourite actor?

8.  Why / you always late?

VIII. Ask as many questions as possible

1.  My friend is interested in Anatomy.

2.  Jack was ill with the grippe five days ago.

3.  The students will be at home at 7 o’clock in the evening.

IX. Change the sentences into all Indefinite Tenses (use “today, yesterday, tomorrow)

1.  I ___ glad to see my new friends and teachers.

2.  I think, he ___ ill.

3.  She ___ well.

X. Put the verb “to be” in the right  form

1.  I ___ glad to see you. How ___ you?

2. Bob’s parents ___ travel agents.
3. The best seats ___ $10.
4. I ___ hot. Open the window, please.
5. ___ you hungry?
6. The news ___ (not) very bad today.
7. Your money ___ in your handbag.
8. We ___ very busy last week.
9. John ___ at the meeting tomorrow night.

XI. Use the necessary form of the verb “to be”

1.  Last year their son ___ 26, so he ___ 27 now.

2.  Today the weather ___ nice, but yesterday it ___ cold.

3.  I ___ cold. Can I have something hot to drink?

4.  I ___ hungry last night, so I had something to eat.

5.  Where ___ you at 10 o’clock last Sunday morning?

6.  Don’t buy those shoes. They ___ two expensive.

7.  Why ___ you so tired yesterday?

8.  We must go now. It ___ very late.

9.  This time last year I ___ in England.

10.  We ___ tired when we arrived home, so we went to bed.

11.  Anton Chekhov died in 1904. He ___ a famous Russian writer.

12.  – Where ___ the dogs? – I don’t know. They ___ in the garden ten minutes ago.

XII. Read and remember the idioms

XIII. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention to the idioms

1.  You failed your examination! Nobody would like to be in your shoes now. What will you do?

2.  After having worked in the garden he was as hungry as a hunter.

3.  The twin girls are as like as two peas.

4.  You do not know the results of the elections. Then you can’t be in the swim any more.

5.  I was in his skin once and I know what he can feel after this accident.

6.  His nerves were on the edge from the constant noise coming from his neighbour’s room.

7.  Do not worry, you won’t hurt his feelings. He is very thick-skinned.

8.  From her wedding day until her death she wore the trousers.

9.  No one in his right mind would do a thing like that!

XIV. Translate from Russian into English

1.  Твой брат дома?

2.  Где они были вчера вечером?

3.  Сколько стоят эти открытки?

4.  Эта гостиница очень дорогая.

5.  Почему ты вчера опоздал?

6.  Я интересуюсь искусством.

7.  Все магазины сегодня открыты.

8.  Музей сегодня открыт?

9.  Его вчера не было в Институте.

10.  Мне жарко.

11.  Моя сестра архитектор.

12.  Меня там не было.

13.  Я не устала.

14.  Откуда родом её муж?

15.  Её не было дома в 5 часов вчера.

16.  Они не студенты, они врачи.

17.  Ты интересуешься иностранными языками?

18.  Дик Браун – инженер. Ему 30 лет. Он женат. Его жену зовут Анна. Они журналистка. Они из Лондона.

19.  – Как вас зовут? – Гарри Стоун. – Из какой вы страны? – Из Англии. – А откуда ваши друзья? – Они из Франции. – Кто вы по профессии? – Мы все инженеры.

20.  – Как зовут вашего брата? – Александр. – Он женат? – Нет, он холост. – Кто он по профессии? – Он – врач.

21.  – Здравствуйте! Как поживаете? – Спасибо, хорошо. – Как поживает твоя сестра? – Тоже хорошо, спасибо.

XV. Translate from Russian into English

1.  Вы были больны на прошлой неделе?

2.  Где вы были в прошлое воскресенье?

3.  Фильм вчера был интересным.

4.  Вы будете в институте в это время?

5.  Урок был интересным.

6.  Перемена была не длинной.

7.  Мы готовы к уроку.

8.  Кто ваш преподаватель английского языка?

9.  Я буду свободна после занятий.

10.   Мы будем очень заняты на следующей неделе.

11.   Вчера книги и журналы были на столе. Где они сейчас?

12.  Врач будет в палате через пару минут.

ОБОРОТ “THERE IS / ARE”

Оборот thereis/are(имеется, находится, есть) употребляется для того, чтобы указать наличие или отсутствие какого-либо лица или предмета в каком-то определенном месте.

Слово «there» является здесь «фиктивным» подлежащим и переводить его на русский язык не следует. Перевод предложений с оборотом thereis/are следует начинать с конца (с указания места).

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ОБОРОТА THEREIS / ARE В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯХ

ОБОРОТ “THERE IS / ARE”

Оборот thereis/are(имеется, находится, есть) употребляется для того, чтобы указать наличие или отсутствие какого-либо лица или предмета в каком-то определенном месте.

Слово «there» является здесь «фиктивным» подлежащим и переводить его на русский язык не следует. Перевод предложений с оборотом thereis/are следует начинать с конца (с указания места).

УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЕ ОБОРОТА THEREIS / ARE В ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯХ

EXERCISES

I. Translate into English

II. Ask questions using there is / are . Give the answers

Question: - Is there a blackboard on the wall?

(Are, were, was, will be)

Answer: Yes, there is. There is one blackboard on the wall

Many hospitals in Gomel; many departments at the Gomel Medical University; much homework to do, a lot of students in the group; many professors at the Chair of Anatomy, hard-working students in the group, a lot of sportsmen among your fellow students?

III. Choose the necessary word

1.  ___ there a TV-set in the hostel? (will be, is, are)

2.  There ___ much light in this room (were, is, am)

3.  There __  a few patients at the hospital yesterday. (are, was, were)

4.  There ___ several departments at the Gomel Medical University in the nearest future (was, will, be, are)

5.  There ___ a lot of applications for admission to our University every year. (was, are, is)

6.  There ___ one more subject to learn in the curriculum next year. (will be, are, were)

IV. Answer the questions

1.  How many teeth are there in a mouth?

2.  What was there in the consulting room?

3.  Is there a canteen at the disposal of our students?

4.  Will there be a big stadium or a large park here in a year?

5.  What will there be instead of an old laboratory?

6.  Is there the liver in the abdomen?

7.  How many fingers are there on the hand?

V. Choose between to be and there is / are

1.  She ___ a doctor. (+, -, ?)

2.  ___ two Medical Schools in our city. (-, ?)

3.  The Chair of Anatomy ___ large. (-, ?)

4.  The heart ___ in the chest. (+, ?)

5.  ___ a heart in the chest (+, ?)

6.  The head, the trunk and the limbs ___ the parts of the body. (+, ?)

7.  ___ many teeth in the mouth. (+, ?)

VI. Make up the sentences using the given words

VII. Make up sentences of your own using “There is nothing like +noun” (нетничеголучше, чем)

Model: There is nothing like fresh air.

Нет ничего лучше, чем свежий воздух.

An interesting book; a glass of tea in the morning; fruits for supper; cold shower; frosty weather; etc.

VIII. Find the Russian equivalents of the following proverbs. Read them several times and try to remember them.

1.  There is no use crying over spilt milk.

2.  There is a black sheep in every flock.

3.  There is no rose without a thorn.

4.  There is many a slip between the cup and the lip.

IX. Put questions to the underlined words, beginning with “how much” or “how many”

1.  There are 45 students in the reading hall now.

2.  There were 3 articles in the yesterday’s medical newspaper.

3.  There will be 4 entrance examinations next year.

4.  There are only a few laboratories at the disposal of our students.

5.  There will be much noise in the room when the equipment starts operating.

6.  There were a lot of ways of expressing the same idea.

7.  There are 365 or 366 days in a year.

8.  There will be a single mistake in your test.

X. Put in “many, few, a few, much, a little, little”

1.  How ___ students are there in your group?

2.  The skeleton consists of ___ bones.

3.  The students have to read ___ books.

4.  Only ___ of us know English well.

5.  How ___ new words did you learn?

6.  The nurse took only ___ blood for the test.

7.  There were too ___ young men who wanted to enter the Gomel