Digestive system. Urinary system. Respiratory system. Immune system

distribution, pancreas, to break up, to grind, gland, to moisten, to lubricate, saliva, to convey, pharynx, average, to churn, gastric juice, hydrochloric acid, chyme.

IV. Form the new words using the following suffixes and translate them

- ment: nourish	-y: fat
- tion: distribute	-ary: aliment
- ed: digest aid	-ar: muscle
- ive: digest distribute	- er: simple
-ing: grind, chop, distribute	-ly: part, usual

V. Read and translate the following word combinations

1.  to digest: digestive system, digestive enzyme, to digest food particles, partly digested food, complex sugars are digested to.

2.  stomach: muscular stomach, to pass from the stomach, the stomach stores and helps to digest food, stomach churns food around and mixes it with gastric juice.

3.  to break: to break down protein, to break up food.

4.  to consist of: simpler substances consist of small molecules, digestive system consists of the alimentary canal.

5.  to secrete: secretion, secretions from the liver and pancreas.

6.  part: partly, particles, parts of the body, fine particles, the partly digested food (chyme).

7.  to distribute : distributing, distribution, distributive, distributor.

VI. Remember the following prepositional phrases

to pass through	проходить через
to pass from ... to ...	проходить от ... до
to hold about	вмещать
to churn around	передвигать
to break down	разрушать, раздробить
to break up	разбивать (на мелкие куски)
to consist of	состоять из
usually after two to five hours	обычно спустя (через) 2-5 часов

VII. Read and translate the following word combinations from the text

1.  Substances that the body uses for nourishment.

2.  Molecules that can then pass through the intestinal wall.

3.  Saliva which also contains a digestive enzyme.

4.  Gastric juice which includes hydrochloric acid.

5.  The series of organs that process and convert food into simpler substances.

VIII. Read and translate the text, part I

IX. Find in the text the sentence with the Passive Voice and translate it

X. Find English equivalents for the following words and word combinations

более простые вещества	набор органов
для распространения (распределения)	проходить через
пищеварительный фермент	кишечная стенка
желудочный сок	кровяное русло
поджелудочная железа	с помощью слюны
соляная кислота	увлажнять пищу
мышечная трубка	содержать
обеспечивать кислотную среду	запасать
пищеварительный тракт	смешивать
тонкий кишечник	мышцы глотки
частично переваренная пища	разрушать белок

XI. In the text find sentences with the following words, reproduce them

to process	to lubricate
to digest	to convey
to consist of	to churn
to break up	to pass

 XII. Answer the questions

1.  What is the digestive system?

2.  What is the function of the digestive system?

3.  Why are complex sugars and starch, fats and proteins digested to simpler substances?

4.  What parts does the digestive system consist of?

5.  What glands help to digest food?

6.  What is the function of the glands in the mouth?

7.  How do the teeth break up food?

8.  What conveys food to the throat?

9.  What is the function of the stomach?

10. What does gastric juice include?

11. When does the digested food pass from the stomach to the small intestine?

XIII. Complete the sentences

1.  The digestive system consists of ...

2.  The teeth break up food by ...

3.  Glands in the mouth  ...

4.  Saliva contains ...

5.  The tongue ...

6.  Pharynx muscles ...

7.  The esophagus is a ...

8.  The stomach ...

9.  Gastric juice includes ...

10. Acid medium is needed for ...

11. The partly digested food passes from ... to ...

XIV. In the text find sentences which deal with

1.  Food is converted into simpler substances.

1.  Food in the mouth.

2.  Food in the stomach.

XV. Speak on the following  topics:

1.  Digestive system: to process, to convert, simpler substances, nourishment, starch and complex sugars, to digest to, fats, proteins, to consist of, to pass through; the alimentary canal, secretions from.

2.  What happens to food in the mouth: to break up, to chop, to grind, to lubricate, to moisten, to contain, to convey, to push down.

3.  What happens to food in the stomach: to store, to digest, to hold, to churn, to mix, gastric juice, to include, to provide, to break down, to pass.

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

PART II

I. Practise the pronunciation and guess the meaning of the words

bacteria	[bæk´tıǝrıǝ]
circular	[sə:kju:lə]
final	[´fainəl]
material	[mə´tiəriəl]
liquid	[likwid]
peristalsis	[,perıs´tælsıs]
sphincter	[´sfıŋktǝ]

II. Memorize the vocabulary

1.  to absorb	[ǝb´sƆ:b]	1.  абсорбироваться
2.  area	[´ɛǝrıǝ]	2.  площадь, область
3.  bile	[baıl]	3.  желчь
4.  colitis	[kǝ´laıtıs]	4.  колит
5.  disorder	[dis´Ɔ:də]	5.  расстройство, болезнь
6.  diverticulitis	[dıvetıkju´laıtıs]	6.  дивертикулит
7.  diverticulosis	[dıvetıkju´lousıs]	7.  дивертикулез
8.  duct	[dʌkt]	8.  проток
9.  duodenum	[djuǝ´dı:nǝm]	9.  двенадцатиперстная кишка
10.enteritis	[entǝ´raitis]	10.энтерит
11.to excrete	[eks´krı:t]	11.выделять
12.exit	[´eksıt]	12.выход
13.fairly	[´fɛǝli]	13.достаточно, довольно
14.feces	[´fi:si:z]	14.экскременты
15.plant fiber	[pla:nt´faibǝ]	15.растительное волокно
16.gall bladder	[´gƆ:l blædǝ]	16.желчный пузырь
17.gall stones	[´gƆ:l stounz]	17.желчные камни (камни в печени)
18.narrow	[nærou]	18.узкий
19.projection	[prə´dƷekʃn]	19.выступ
20.to remove	[ri´mu:v]	20.удалять
21.rectum	[´rektǝm]	21.прямая кишка
22.to stagnate	[stǝ´gneit]	22.застаиваться
23.surgical	[´sǝ:dʒikǝl]	23.хирургический
24.surface	[´sǝ:fis]	24.поверхность
25.tightly	[ˊtaitli]	25.плотно
26.ulcer	[ˊʌlsǝ]	26.язва
27.vessel	[vesl]	27.сосуд
28.villi	[´vılı]	28.ворсинки
29.waste	[weist]	29.ненужный, отработанный, отбросы

III. Practise the pronunciation and stress

Enzyme, pancreas, projections, surface, bloodstream, to convert, plant fiber, liquid, bacteria, peristalsis, tightly, surgically, exit, lymph, bile, small intestine, intestinal wall, villi, gall-bladder, large intestine, excrete, rectum, propel, gallstones, duodenum, ulcer, colitis, enteritis, diverticulitis, diverticulosis.

IV. Form the new words using the following suffixes and translate them

-  ed: digest, absorb, complete, need, remove, propel, block;

-  al: intestine;

-  ar: muscle, circle;

dis-: order;

-  ive:digest;

-  tion: digest;

-  ing: move;

-  er: low;

-  ly: tight, fair, surgical.

V. Group the following words from your active vocabulary in the table

nouns

verbs

adjectives

adverbs

digest, digestive, digested, tight, tightly, low, lower, surgical, surgically