The Automated System of Remote Monitoring and Controlling of a Building

The Automated System of Remote Monitoring and Controlling of a Building

Vitali A. Kasatkin.

Department of Control Processes and Information Systems

Saint-Petersburg North-West State Technical University

Millionnaya str.5 ,S-Petersburg ,181186 , RUSSIA

Tel:+7(812) 7106738

Abstract-The Automated System of Remote Monitoring and Controlling of a Building.

 Such system can be used for maintenance of control and management the engineering equipment of buildings (water supply, the central thermal units, devices of control and illumination, fire and security system, ventilation), collecting the statistical information (for the technological and commercial account) with data transmission to the central dispatching unit.

1. INTRODUCTION

Until recently the systems representing only separate kind of control were introduced. The alarm system, fire system, system of scheduling of lifts, illumination, hot-water supplying, etc., all these components of an infrastructure of a building could be supervised only separately, and with application basically analog technical.

Today when appeared programmed controllers like the industrial controllers used in technological processes, it became possible to carry out control (monitoring and controlling) a big number of parameters of absolutely various types. And requirement for such control is much less, than for industry (high accuracy and executing of complex laws of control is not required). Systems can be integrated among themselves, and their service is organized by optimum way. Modification and  configuration of the built in systems is such as: life-support systems, fire-prevention systems, local computer networks, a complex of alarms systems, office services. Therefore, using only one processor module of the controller, it is possible to supervise the whole building.

Today a part of expenses for municipal services is invested by the state. But such practice cannot exist for a long time. The state will soon assign all weight of payment for municipal services to consumers that will inevitably lead to their significant rise in price. Most of all the price increasing will concern heat-water supplying. The real reason for such statement is the imperfection of existing system of a central heating where actually half of heat is spent for nothing when flowing. These expenses will be certainly offered to the consumers. In this case interest of the housing organizations, owners and tenants in monitoring systems will be very high. It is obvious, that the automated system of remote monitoring and controlling of a building is necessary for these purposes system - АSRMCB. Such system can be used for maintenance of control and management the engineering equipment of buildings (water supply, the central thermal units, devices of control and illumination, fire and security system, ventilation), collecting the statistical information (for the technological and commercial account) with data transmission to the central dispatching unit.

The greatest effect is developed, during a design stage of an object when the problem of creation of such control system is solved.

Figure 1. АSRMCB control system

As a basis of the automated system of control management of a building is the three-level architecture (fig. 2).

Figure 2 .The three-level architecture the automated system of control management of a building

The level of interface to an object is presented with devices of collecting and primary processing of the information about the object of automation:

-gauges of physical sizes (gauges of pressure, level gauges, air-flow sensors, gauges of concentration of gases, etc.);

-gauges of the process equipment condition (means of a condition control of electric drives, gauges of position, of lock devices etc.);

-gauges of technical and economic parameters (electric meters, heat-and water-counters) with the unified analog, pulse or discrete target signals, and also the executive devices which  carry out direct influence an object:

adjusting units and  lock devices ;

frequency shifters;

motor-starting devices.

The level of local automatics is presented with industrial controllers, automatic control panels, analog and relay blocks and other devices. They  carry out processing the signals  from gauge, obtaining necessary laws and generation signals for executive devices.     

The level of monitoring is top in its hierarchy. It is presented with the workstations on personal computers with the special software supported by them.

The typical requirements of АSRMCB are:

- immediate reception of alarm signals in a General  control office if emergency;

- reception of the full information about the  technological process and equipment’s condition in real time-mode;

- the possibility of immediate interference to the devices operating in case of emergency;

-control of management commands: if the commands fail, the system will generate  alarm signals;

- remote testing and detecting technological problems;

- introducing technical documents  (such as the Operator’s Instruction, a list of  emergencies, etc.), etc.

A kind such structure of  ASRMCD system is introduced on fig.3

Figure 3. Architecture of АSRMCB system

Symbols: Д1-Дm - discrete and analog gauges (the security and fire signal system, pressure, temperature, etc.); ПУЭ1-ПУЭn - devices for controlling and the calculating consumption of power resources with standard interface RS-485 (heat meters, electric meters, etc.); УО1-УОi - units and mechanisms with standard interfaces (for example lock armature); УОj-УОр - the switching equipment (latches); ББП - blocks of continuous feed.

2. MAIN RESULTS

The main tasks of ASRMCB are: a)Increase of stability of technological parameters of life-support systems of the    buildings defining the quality of their functioning. b)Maintenance of save-energy operating modes of life-support systems of buildings. c)Monitoring and diagnostics of the equipment 4)Proper response to extreme situations.

3. CONCLUSION

The function circuit of ASRMCB is constructed in such a way that it is possible to use the  devices of various types, to increase and reduce their numbers, to change and supplement a configuration the system. It is possible due to the Module  System design, which is based on the  basis on the Central controller and the terminals connected to  it.

4. REFERENCES

[1] I. Nikiforov, The Monitoring systems of smart buildings  ,Moscow : Komputerra , 1997 ( in Russian )