Английский язык: Учебное пособие (Grammar study: to be, to have, there+be. The Passive Voice, Modal Verbs. Conditional Sentences)

connecting London and Birmingham¹⁾, but some are just short stretches by-passing heavily congested towns or industrial areas.

 

like the one connecting London and Birmingham -

подобно дороге, соединяющей Лондон и Бирмингем.

Слово “one” здесь употребляется как заменитель существительного.

Обратите внимание на перевод   “one”   перед сказуемым.

В сочетании с модальными глаголами  “one”    переводится :

one can - можно, one must - нужно, one should - следует.

Замените в подчеркнутых предложениях подлежащее “you“  на “one”. Переведите полученные предложения. Сравните перевод.

1.  Найдите в тексте предложение в Present Continuous Passive.

REVISION   EXERCISES.

I.   Make sentences interrogative and negative.

1. He is my friend. 2. He is a doctor. 3. He has a wife. 4. You are a doctor. 5. They are students. 6. We are in my room now. 7. There are many things in my room. 8. There is a TV set in my room. 9. The flowers are in the vase.

II. Put the above sentences into The Past and Future Indefinite.

III. Insert prepositions.

1. My father works ... a plant. 2. My mother is a telephone-operator ... an   Institute  3. I was ... the Army ... two years. 4. My sister teaches ... school. 5. I live together ... my parents ... a four-room flat. 6. We have a flat ... all modern conveniences. 7. My friend lives far ... our plant. 8. He gets ... the plant ... the Metro. 9. Our working day begins ... half past eight. 10. She goes ... the Institute ... Monday, Wednesday and Friday.

IV. Answer the questions.

1. What is your name ? 2. How old are you ? 3. Do you work ? 4. Where do you work ? 5. What are you ? 6. When did you leave school ?7. Where you in the Army ? 8.When did you begin to work ? 9. Do you like  your job ? 10.Are you married ? 11. Do you study ? 12. What institute do you go to ? 13. Have you a family ? 14. How many are you in the family ? 15. What is your father (mother) ? 16. Have you any sisters or brothers ? 17. What is your sister (brother) ? 18. How old is your mother (father, sister, brother) ? 19. Where do you work ? 20. Do you live with your parents ? 21. Do you live in a new or an old house ? 22. Have you got (=have you) a good flat ? 23. How many rooms are there in your flat ? 24. Do you like it or not ?

VIII.  У Р О В Е  Н  Ь   1

  ТЕСТ   1

1. В каком из следующих слов звук, передаваемый буквой  “ о “  отличается от остальных ?

   1) phone, 2) know, 3) sorry, 4) zero 5) no, 6) bone, 7) role.

2.Выберите правильную форму глагола  “ to be “  :

1) I ... in the 10^th grade.

a)  is

b)  are

c)  am

d)  were

2) He ... at the theatre yesterday.

a)  is

b)  was

c)  will be

d)  were

3.Укажите предложение, в котором глагол “to be“ является вспомогательным :

a) She was sixteen last year.

b) The delegation is to come on Monday.

c) Mother is at home.

d) What are you going ?

4.Выберите правильную форму глагола  “to have”  :

Mr. Smith stayed at his office very late because he ... a lot of work.

a) has

b) have

c) will have

d) had

5. Укажите предложение, в котором глагол     “to have”  является модальным:

a)We shall have a party tomorrow.

b)We have invited our friends.

c)We’ll have to prepare for the party.

d)I hope we’ll have a good time.

6. Укажите правильные варианты перевода :

1) The flowers are in the vase.

а) Цветы в вазе.

b) В вазе цветы.                   

2) There is no telephone in the room.

а) Телефона нет в комнате.

b) В комнате нет телефона.

7. Подберите эквиваленты в английском, соответствующие  русскому :

1) Дверь открылась и вошла девочка.

2) Дверь открылась и девочка вошла.

a) The door opened and a girl came in.

b) The door opened and the girl came in.

8. Выберите нужное местоимение :

1) I invited my friend to ... place.

a) me

b) his

c) my

d) mine

2) It’s  easy, you can do it ... .

a) you

b) your

c) yours

d) yourself

9. Выберите правильную форму существительного :

1) The ... comes every morning.

a)  postman

b)  postmen

2) How many ... high is this house ?

a) feet

b) foot

10. Укажите, какое слово можно употребить вместо подчеркнутого так, чтобы смысл предложения не изменился:

1)We usually drink much water in hot weather.

a)  few

b)  a lot of

c)  many

d)  little

2)This text is easy, there are not many new words in it.

a)  little

b)  not much

c)  a lot of

d)  few

11. Выберите нужное по смыслу слово :

1) We have ... bread, please, go and buy some.

a)  much

b)  many

c)  little

d)  few

2) I have ... time, I can wait.

a)  little

b)  a plenty of

c)  many

d)  few

12. Выберите правильное местоимение :

1) She wanted to tell me ... interesting.

a)  somebody

b)  something

c)  some

d)  somewhere

2) I think we have met her ... .

a)  somebody

b)  something      

c)  some

d)  somewhere

13. Укажите, в каком из предложений можно употребить все указанные слова : many, few, a lot of, some.

a)  He likes to spend much time watching TV.

b)  They have red 10 English books in the original.

c)  There is no news today.

14. Укажите предложение, в котором числительное является порядковым:

1) There are 300 pages in the book.

2) He was born in 1980.

3) School  year begins on the  first of September.

4) Room 5 is empty.

15. Подберите слово, близкое по значению к подчеркнутому :

1) We do English at school.

a) work

b) learn

c) teach

d) know

2) She spoke to her English teacher after classes.

a) talked

b) said

c) told

d) discussed

16. Из следующей группы слов отметьте то, которое не имеет к  остальным никакого отношения :

1) weather, season, rain, cloudy, expensive, forecast, hot, cold.

2) London, sights, monument, tourist, art gallery, to found, to build, to design, guide, the president.

17. Определите, какое из слов не является продуктом  питания :

butter, cream, flour, tea, orange, cucumber, fish, sausage, beans, chicken, ham, hot dogs, chips, butter-fly, berries, jam, pine-apple.

18. Какое из утверждений является верным ?

1)                

a) English is impossible to learn.

b) English is the most difficult language in the world.

c) English is the most popular foreign language in our country.

2)

a) After Friday comes Monday.

b) The sun rises in the West.

c) The first of April is ’’All Fools’ Day’’ in Britain.

19. Укажите, какое из утверждений верно:

1) People don’t usually work hard on their days off.

2) All schools have classes on Sundays.

3) Few people leave school at the age of 16.

20. Скажите, в какой день Джон должен сдавать экзамен ?

John came late. The party was very interesting. He didn’t want to leave earlier than others. He liked the parties that the Browns sometimes had on Saturdays. He was happy. But suddenly he remembered that he must take his exam in History and there was no time left. He had only one day to prepare for it. The party was forgotten at once.

21. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопрос :

The police stop the car. There are three people in the car: John, Ann and Mary. On the back seat there is a revolver. John says: ’’It’s mine’’. Ann says:

’’It’s hers’’. Mary says :’’It’s his’’. Nobody is telling the truth.

Whose revolver is it ?

22.  Заполните пропуски:

I. Great Britain..... rich in minerals.

A) is                B) has              C)are

2.  …. he many good ideas?

A) Have           B) Has             C) Are

3. That's..... good idea!

A) the              B) a                 C) an

4. I heard..... news on...... radio.

A) a...a            B) the... the    C)the... a

5. A boat is..... than a ship.

A) as small       B) small           C) smaller

6. We were so tired that we would have slept......

A) anywhere     B) somewhere C) however

7. Every old palace has..... strange stories.

A) his               B) its               C) a

8. The students had to.... several dictations.

A) write           B) wrote           C) written

9. This seems..... an interesting book.

A) is                 B) is being        C) to be

10. This room can..... as a classroom.

A) use              B) be used        C) have used

II. There is a long table..... the corner.

A) in                B) with            C) of

12. Do you usually have a large party ...your birthday?

           A) a                 B)with            C)on  

 13.             Why          you writing with a pencil?

A) do               B)have             C) are              

14. These new houses..... two years ago.

A) were built    B) have built    C) build           

15. But the new school.... next year.

A) will build      B) will be built      C) has built 

ARGUING :

IS   TV   GOOD  OR  BAD ?

TODAY, THERE  IS  A TV  SET  IN  NEARLY  EVERY  HOME.

PEOPLE  WATCH  TV  EVERY  DAY,  AND  SOME  PEOPLE  WATCH  IT  FROM  MORNING  UNTIL  NIGHT.

AMERICANS  WATCH  TV  ABOUT  35  HOURS  A  WEEK  BUT  IS  TV  GOOD  OR  BAD  FOR  YOU ?

PEOPLE  HAVE  DIFFERENT  OPINIONS.

READ  WHAT  SOME  AMERICANS  COLLEGE  STUDENTS  SAY.

a) ..... People don’t get any exercise. They just sit and watch TV.

b) ..... It brings news from around the world into peoples homes.

c) ..... People just want entertainment today. They don’t want to think.

d) ..... There is a lot of crime and violence on TV today.  The programs are terrible!

e) ..... Children learn many useful things from programs like sesame screen. It teaches them to read.

f)  ..... It helps me relax after along day.

g) ..... Programs on the radio are better. They make you think.

h) ..... It’s all commercials. I hate it !

i)   ..... People learn about life in other countries.

j)   ..... People don’t read anymore. It’s easier to watch TV.

1. Do the students think TV is good or bad ? Write G for good and B for bad.       Then compare with a partner.

2. Do you agree with the opinions above ? Write YES or NO next to each opinion.

Table 1

Спряжение глагола  to be (быть, находиться, являться)

в PRESENT INDEFINITE:

Утвердительная              Отрицательная             Вопросительная  форма                              форма                                        форма   и краткие ответы

a student It is               a book		No,  I’m not. = I am not. No, he  isn’t .= He is not.
We (you, they) are           Students.	We are not students.	Are you students? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. = We are not.

Спряжение глагола to have  (иметь) в Present Indefinite:

I (we, you, they) have          a brother.	I have no brother.	Have you a brother? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. =        I have not.
He (she) has a brother.	He has no brother.	Has he a brother? Yes, he has. No, he hasn’t =         He has not.

Table 2

Времена группы Indefinite (Active):

PRESENT INDEFINITE:

I test the devices regularly.

Я испытываю  эти приборы регулярно.

(Do you test the devices? I do not test the devices.)

PAST INDEFINITE:

I tested the device yesterday.

Я испытал этот прибор вчера.

(Did you test the device  yesterday? I did not test the device yesterday.)

FUTURE INDEFINITE:

I shall test the device tomorrow.

Я испытаю прибор завтра.

(Shall I test the device tomorrow? I shall not test the device tomorrow.)

Table 3

Времена группы Indefinite (Passive)

Present Indefinite Passive:

The devices are tested regularly.

Эти приборы испытываются регулярно.

Past Indefinite Passive:

The device was tested yesterday.

Этот прибор был испытан вчера.

Future Indefinite Passive:

The device will be tested tomorrow.

Прибор будет испытан завтра.

Table 4

Времена группы Continuous (Active):

Present Continuous Active:

I am testing the device. Я испытываю этот прибор (сейчас).

Past Continuous Active:

I was testing the device when you came.

Я испытывал этот прибор когда вы пришли.

Future Continuous Active:

I shall be testing the device when you come.

Я буду испытывать прибор, когда вы придете.

Времена группы Continuous (Passive):

Present Continuous Passive:

The device is being tested.

Этот прибор испытывается (сейчас).

Past Continuous Passive:

The device was being tested when you came.

Прибор испытывали, когда вы пришли.

Future Continuous Passive               Не существует.

Table 5

В английском языке следующие глаголы выражают

ДОЛЖЕНСТВОВАНИЕ:

      MUST                 -         должен, нужно, необходимо

   TO HAVE TO       -         должен, вынужден, придется

     TO BE TO           -         должен, нужно

        

present                     past             future             эквиваленты

Can  могу, умею	Could	-	to be able to ...(am, is, are, was, were, shall, will be able to)
May могу в смысле “разрешено”, возможно	Might	-	to de allowed to ...

Table 6

Многофункциональность глагола   to be

 

	смысловой		связка		модальный		вспомога-   тельный

 

4

3

2

1

 

1А. Смысловой - со значением БЫТЬ, НАХОДИТЬСЯ;

The rules were on the desk. Линейки были  на парте.

1B. СВЯЗКА – со значением БЫТЬ, ЯВЛЯТЬСЯ, СОСТОЯТЬ,    

ЗАКЛЮЧАТЬСЯ.

He was a worker before, now he is a - Раньше он был   рабочим, designer;                                               теперь он конструктор.

       2.МОДАЛЬНЫЙ – со значением – «должен»

We are to prepare  everything      -      Мы должны все подготовить

for the experiment.                               к  опыту.

3.ВСПОМОГАТЕЛЬНЫЙ

а)  в группах Continuous и Perfect Continuous:

She is working now.                     -     Она работает сейчас.

She has been working since          -     Она работает с раннего утра.

early morning.

b) в страдательном залоге  с Participle 2 :

He is (was,  will be) asked to - Его просят (просили, попросят)

make a report.                           сделать доклад.

Table 7

Степени сравнения прилагательных

(Degrees of Comparison)

Table 8

Многофункциональное местоимение it.

 

1. Личное      (подлежащее, дополнение).

   It is very important.                            Он (она, оно) очень важен.

     Explain it? Please.                                                  Обьясните его, пожалуйста.

2. Указательное  (в функции подлежащего):

It is a new device.                                            Это новый прибор.

3. Безличное (в функции подлежащего):

It is cold in the class room.                         В аудитории холодно.

It is said that he is an                             Говорят, что он опытный experienced engineer.                                                   инженер.

4.Усилительное (для выделения отдельных членов предложения):

It is Popov who invented the radio              Радио изобрел не кто   иной, как Попов