English: We Study Law. In 3 Books. Book 2 (Учебно-методический комплекс по английскому языку для студентов факультета правоведения. В 3-х книгах. Книга 2)

Section I.CRIME. CAUSES OF CRIME

I. WARMING-UP

1.  What behaviour is regarded as harmful?

2.  Do family relations influence the delinquent activity of a person?

3.  Is the crime rate high in your country? If so, what are the causes of crimes in your view?

4.  What is the most violent crime in your opinion?

5.   Do you agree with the statement that juvenile delinquency* is an issue about which people all over the world are concerned?

II. VOCABULARY NOTES

crime (petty, serious) crime rate violent crime violence property crime to commit a crime criminal Criminal law suspect the suspect guilty (non guilty) find guilty innocence innocent to sentence (to) statute Actus Reus Mens Rea murder manslaughter rape robbery assault burglary larceny theft bribery fraud motor vehicle theft drug abuse drug dealing crime of treason life imprisonment offender offence evidence testify be accused of fair trial

преступление рост преступности преступление против личности, насильственное преступление насилие преступление против собственности совершить преступление преступник, преступный Уголовное право подозревать подозреваемый виновный признать виновным невиновность невиновный приговорить к законодательный акт виновное действие состояние воли при совершении преступления тяжкое убийство простое убийство (убийство, совершенное без злого предумышления) изнасилование грабеж нападение кража со взломом хищение воровство взяточничество мошенничество угон средств передвижения алкогольная зависимость наркоторговля измена пожизненное преступление правонарушитель, преступник правонарушение, преступление доказательство свидетельствовать быть обвиненным в справедливый суд

III. EXERCISES

1. Приведите однокоренные русские слова.

regulate, regulation, detail, standard, category, categorize, legal, principle, criminal, interpretation

2. Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на отрицательные префикcы.

interesting – uninteresting

important – unimportant

lawful – unlawful

regular –irregular

experienced – inexperienced

legal – illegal

literate – illiterate

advantage – disadvantage

to like – to dislike

to understand – to misunderstand

honest – dishonest

3. Составьте предложения, сделав необходимые изменения и выберите один из предлогов, который используется с тем или иным глаголом.

for; of; from; on/upon; against; to; into

1.  Her employer / accuse / her / steal / money.

2.  His mother / punish / him / be rude / to their neighbour.

3.  The lock / prevent / burglar / break / house.

4.  The jury / convict / him / murder / his wife.

5.  His son / be / arrest / sell drugs teenagers.

6.  The judge / congratulate / police / catch / a murderer.

7.  They / sentence / him / death.

4. Team up with another student. Work out reasons for juvenile delinquency. Use the text above and the tips given below. Then discuss your reasons with the rest of the group.

Tips

•  the social background: broken families; large unhappy poor families

•  unemployment

•  economic situation in the country

•  high rate of inflation

•  disillusionment, loss of faith in the future

•  drug addiction

•  alcohol consumption

5. Match the words on the left with their opposites on the right.

1)  decrease                a) wealth

2)  to overestimate     b) clear

3)  poverty                   c) higher

4)  lower                      d) to underestimate

5)  puzzling                c) increase

6. Agree or disagree with the statements. Use the following ways of agreeing and disagreeing:

a)  I don’t really agree.                      d) I couldn’t agree more.

b)  I completely agree.                       e) I don’t agree at all.

c)  I agree up to the point, but...         f) That’s right.

Sample:

I.          The crime rate in the U.S. rose dramatically in the 1980s.

–          I don’t agree at all. The crime rate in the U.S. didn’t rise dramatically in the 1980s. It rose in the 1960s and 1970s.

II.        Any advocate can advise you how to start divorce proceedings.

—  That’s right. I couldn’t agree more.

1.  Public opinion polls always show a real state of affairs.

2.  The crime rate isn’t connected with the economic situation of the country.

3.  The general crime rate in Russia is significantly lower than in Europe.

4.  Drug-abuse is one of the reasons for serious crimes.

5.  Crime-prevention programs can help to stop the increase of violent
crime rate.

7. Work with the partner and give your opinion about each of the following. Your partner should agree or disagree & say why.

1.  The idea of crime prevention programs (in your country);

2.  Television provokes violent crimes;

3.  Poverty and crime rate.

IV. READING

Text 1.

What is a Crime?

Crime is a part of public law – the law regulating the relations between citizens and the state. Crime are acts which the state considers to be wrong and which can be punished by the state. There are some acts which are crimes in one country but not in another. For example, it is a crime to drink alcohol in Saudi Arabia, but not in Egypt. It is a crime to smoke marijuana in England, but not (in prescribed places) in the Netherlands. It is a crime to have more than one wife at the same time in France, but not in Indonesia. In general, however, there is quite a lot of agreement among states as to which acts are criminal. A visitor to a foreign country can be sure that stealing, physically attacking someone or damaging their property will be unlawful. But the way of dealing with people suspected of crime may be different from his own country.

Elements of Proof

In many legal systems it is an important principle that a person cannot be considered guilty of a crime until the state proves he committed it. The suspect himself need not prove anything, although he will of course help himself if he can show evidence of his innocence. The state must prove his guilt according to high standards and there are elements that must be proved. In codified systems, these elements are usually recorded in statutes. In common law systems, the elements of some crimes are detailed in statutes; others, known as "common law crimes", are still described mostly in case law.

There are usually two important elements to a crime: (1) the criminal act itself; and (2) the criminal state of mind of the person when he committed the act. In Anglo-American law these are known by the Latin terms of (1) Actus Reus and (2) Metis Rea.

Task 1. Find English equivalents:

1.  прецедентное право                a. to commit a crime

2.  иметь дело с                            b. damages

3.  общее право                            с. evidence

4.  доказательства                      d. legal

5.  отношения                            е. robbery

6.  совершить преступление         f. to suspect

7.  ущерб                                      g. to deal with

8.  законный                               п. common law

9. ограбление                               i. relations

10. подозревать                         j. case law

Task 2. Complete the following sentences.

1.          A person may be guilty of murder if he killed someone...

a.   intentionally

b.   having intended to injure him slightly

c.   without caring about the danger of his action

2.         The court must prove a person’s guilt according to...

a.   common sense

b.   proof of crime elements recorded in statutes or codes

c.   the suspect’s proof of his innocence

Task 3. Complete the sentences using the words from the box.

1.  Someone who steals a lot is ……………

2.  Someone who killed a person is.....................

3.  Someone who is suspected of a crime is.........

4.  Someone who is found not guilty is...............

5.  A document which regulates legal behaviour is...............

6.  A document which details elements of a crime is………..

Task 4. Read the story and say what crime was committed by Jack Thatcher