Английский язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации: Учебно-методические указания по курсу «Английский язык (технический перевод)»

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

Филиал государственного образовательного учреждения

высшего профессионального образования

«Московский энергетический институт

(технический университет)»

в г. Волжском

Кафедра «Иностранные языки»

А.А. Опара, Е.В. Якимович

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК В СФЕРЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЙ КОММУНИКАЦИИ

ВОЛЖСКИЙ 2012

ББК 81.2. Англ.

Рецензент:

В.В. Волохова – кандидат филологических наук,

доцент кафедры иностранных языков

ВИСТех филиала ВолгГАСУ

Английский язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации: Учебно-методические указания по курсу «Английский язык (технический перевод)» для магистров направления 140100 «Теплоэнергетика и теплотехника» / Сост. Опара А.А., Якимович Е.В. – Волжский: Филиал МЭИ в г. Волжском, 2012. -   с.

Библиография: 4 назв.

Предназначены для магистров очной формы обучения, продолжающих изучение английского языка в техническом вузе. Цель указаний – подготовка к чтению и пониманию специальной литературы, а также формирование навыков устной речи и аудирования. Указания состоят из двух частей, словаря, списка фразовых глаголов и таблицы международной метрической системы.

Печатается по решению Учебно-методического совета филиала МЭИ в г. Волжском.

                                                                               © Опара А.А., Якимович Е.В., 2012

©Филиал МЭИ

в г. Волжском, 2012

Part I

UNIT 1

ENERGY

A Forms of energy

The effects of energy can be seen, felt or heard in different ways, depending on the form of energy in question. The main forms are listed below:

- kinetic energy: energy in the form of movement – a type of mechanical energy

- thermal energy: energy in the form of heat

- electrical energy: the energy of an electric current

- sound energy: energy in the form of noise

- light energy: for example, light emitted from the sun or from a light bulb

- chemical energy: energy within substances that can produce a chemical reaction

- nuclear energy: energy from an atomic reaction.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another. For example, in a torch powered by batteries, chemical energy stored in the batteries is converted to electrical energy, and the electrical energy is converted to light energy.

Mechanical energy can be stored as potential energy. An example is a load, lifted by a crane and suspended at a high level. The weight has the potential (in the future) to be released and allowed to fall, becoming kinetic energy. Energy can also be stored when a component is elastically deformed. This is called strain energy. An example is the spring in a watch, which is wound up, then progressively unwinds.

 B Energy efficiency

Machines often convert an energy source, such as electricity, to another form of useful energy – in other words, energy used for a purpose. For example, a motor converts electrical energy (the energy source) into kinetic energy (useful energy). But it also converts some energy into heat and noise. As this will be dissipated into the air, and not used, it is waste energy.

If a machine converts a high percentage of energy into useful energy, it is efficient. For example, if a motor converts 75% of the electrical energy it consumes into kinetic energy, and wastes 25% as thermal and sound energy, it is seventy-five percent efficient. Improving efficiency - making efficiency gains – is a key focus in engineering.

A motor: electrical energy – useful kinetic energy; wasted thermal and sound energy

C Work and power

The amount of energy needed to do a task – for example, lifting a load to a certain height by crane – is called work.The amount of energy converted in order to perform tasks – in other words, the amount of work done– is measured in joules (J).Ifa force of one newton is required to keep an object moving, the work required to move that object over a distance of one metre is equal to one joule. The speed, or rate, at which work is done is called power, and is measured in watts (W).One watt is one joule per second. Power, in watts, is often referred to as wattage. A powerfulmotor will have a higher wattage than a less powerfulone.

Exercise 1.1 Make word combinations with energy using words from A and В. Then match the combinations with the descriptions (1-8).

1. ................................energy = energy stored within the liquids or solids in a battery
2. ................................energy = mechanical energy in the form of movement
3. ................................energy = potential energy stored in a deformed material
4. ................................energy = energy converted to the form required for a purpose
5. ................................energy = energy converted to a form that cannot be used
6. ................................energy = the form of energy that shines, and can be seen
7. ................................energy = the form of energy that can be heard
8. ................................energy = energy that results in an increase in temperature