Endocrine System (pre text step)

Endocrine System

(pre text step)

I.  Practice the pronunciation:                                                               

endocrine	[`endoukraın]
gland	[`glænd]
secretion	[sık`ri:ʃn]
hormone	[`hɔ:moun]
pituitary	[pı`tjuıtərı]
diodenum	[djuə`di:nəm]
anterior	[æn`tıərıə]
posterior	[pɔs`tıərıə]
thyroid	[`Ɵaırɔıd]
parathyroid	[ˎpærə`Ɵaırɔıd]
adrenal	[æd`ri:nəl]
adrenaline	[əd`renəlın]
melatonin	[ˎmelə`tounən]
vasopressin	[`veızoupre`sın]
oxytocin	[`ɔksıtəsın]
prolactin	[prou`læktın]
uterus	[`jutərəs]
ovary	[`ouvərı]
pineal	[`pınıəl]
pancreas	[`pænkrıəs]
cortex	[`kɔ:təks]
medulla	[me`dʌlə]
protein	[`proutın]
calcium	[`kælsıəm]
phosphate	[`fɔsfeıt]
glucose	[`glu:kouz]
insulin	[`ınsjulın]
glucagon	[`glu:kəgən]

II.      Learn the words:

adrenal	[æd`ri:nəl]	надпочечник
affect	[ə`fekt]	воздействовать, поражать
amount	[ə`maunt]	количество
to attach	[ə`tæʧ]	прикреплять, присоединять
beneath	[bı`ni:Ɵ]	под
breast	[`brest]	молочная железа, грудь
content	[`kɔnt ənt]	объем
cluster	[`klʌstə]	собраны в виде островков
cortex	[`kɔ:təks]	наружный, корковый слой
ductless	[`dʌktl əs]	беспроточный
encourage	[ın`kʌrıʤ]	поддерживать
exert influence	[ıg`z ət] [`ınflu:əns]	оказывать влияние
fight or flight	[`faıt] [`flaıt]	бороться или отступать
gland	[`glænd]	железа
hormone	[`hɔ:moun]	гормон
include	[ın`klu:d]	включать в себя
involve	[ın`vɔlv]	вовлекаться
labor	[`leıbə]	роды
maintain	[men`teın]	поддерживать
mature	[mæ`tjuə]	зрелый
medulla	[me`dʌlə]	мозговой слой
network	[`netwə:k]	сеть
ovary	[`ouvərı]	яичник
pineal	[`pınıəl]	шишковидный
pituitary	[pı`tjuıtərı]	гипофиз
rate	[`reıt]	темп
secrete	[sık`ri:t]	выделять
store	[stɔ:]	накапливать
testis	[`testıs]	яичко
thyroid	[Ɵaırɔıd]	щитовидная железа
trigger	[`trıgə]	вызывать
uterus	[`jutərəs]	матка
various	[`vɛərıəs]	разнообразный
voicebox	[`vɔısbɔks]	гортань
windpipe	[`wındpaıp]	трахея

 III. Group the following words from the active vocabulary in the table:

nouns

verbs

adjectives

adverbs

IY. Form the new words using the following suffixes & translate them:

-  less: duct; help; blood; bone; use;

-  tion: secrete; situate; produce; contract; prepare; regulate; direct;

-  ment: develop; govern; treat.

V. Read & translate the following word combinations:

affect: to affect various organs; to affect the brain; to affect the thyraid;

amount: amount of calcium; amount of phosphate; amount of insulin;

beneath: beneath the brain; beneath the cortex; beneath the medulla;

encourage: to encourage the flow of milk; to encourage the contraction of uterus; to encourage the hormone production;

involve: the burn involves the knee joint; steroids are involved in metabolizing of sugars; they are involved in balancing of body water content;

maintain: the network of ductless body organs; the network of glands.

VI. Match the following words to the definitions:

- cortex                                                             - to produce an effect upon; 

- duct                                                                - a product of living cells that circulates fluids

                                                                        & produces a specific effect on the activity of

                                                                        different organs;

- hormone                                                        the outer part of an organ or body structure;

- medulla                                                         - a bodily tube or vessel especially when

                                                                        carrying the secretion of a gland;

- rate                                                                - amount or degree of something measured

                                                                        per unit of something else;

- to affect                                                         - the inner or deep part of an organ or

                                                                        structure.

VII. Match the synonyms:

Posterior                                                          front

To help                                                            answer

To maintain                                                     to cause

To trigger                                                        to keep

To store                                                           outer

Cortex                                                             to get ready

Medulla                                                           inner

To prepare                                                       to assist

Response                                                         to produce

To make                                                          to support

Anterior                                                           back

VIII. Match the antonyms:

Mature                                                             male

Beneath                                                            posterior

Anterior                                                            inner

Outer                                                                lower

Upper                                                               to decrease

To raise                                                            over

Female                                                             immature

IX. Answer the questions:

1. What is the function of the endocrine system?
2. What glands make up the endocrine system?
3. What hormones does the pituitary produce?
4. What is melatonin responsible for?
5. What do adrenaline & noradrenaline prepare the body for?
6. Where does the thyroid gland lie?
7. What do the parathyroid glands regulate?
8. What is the amount of glucose in the blood governed by?
9. What do the sex glands control?
10. What does endocrinology study?

X. Open the brackets using Active or Passive Voice:

1. The endocrine system (to be) a network of ductless glands.
2. The front lobe (to produce) a group of tropic hormones.
3. These hormones (to carry) to other endocrine glands.
4. Prolactin (to maintain) milk production.
5. The pineal gland (to secrete) melatonin.
6. The adrenal glands (to divide) into a cortex & medulla region.
7. Steroids (to involve) in the metabolizing of sugars & proteins.
8. The amount of glucose in the blood (to govern) by cells in the pancreas.
9. Glucagon (to raise) blood glucose levels, and insulin (to decrease) them.
10. The endocrine cells of the pancreas (to cluster) in small masses & (to make) two hormones: glucagon & insulin.

XI. Choose the right preposition:

1. The hormones are secreted directly … the blood stream.
2. The pituitary is divided … two lobes.
3. Tropic hormones are carried … other endocrine glands.
4. Adrenaline & noradrenaline help to prepare the body … “fight or fight”.
5. The amount … glucose … the blood is governed … cells … the pancreas.
6. Parathyroid glands hormones regulate the amounts … calcium & phosphate … the blood.
7. Endocrinology is the study … the endocrine glands & the treatment … diseases affecting these glands.

XII. Translate from Russian into English:

1. Эндокринная система – это сеть беспроточных желез внутренней секреции.
2. Тропные гормоны гипофиза переносятся к другим эндокринным железам.
3. Пролактин поддерживает продукцию молока в молочных железах.
4. Мозговое вещество надпочечников продуцирует адреналин и норадреналин.
5. Гормоны коркового вещества надпочечников включают стероиды, участвующие в метаболизме сахаров и белков.
6. Гормоны паращитовидных желез регулируют количество кальция и фосфата в крови.
7. Глюкагон повышает уровень глюкозы в крови, а инсулин понижает этот уровень.
8. Половые железы секретируют гормоны, контролирующие продукцию зрелых половых клеток.
9. Эндокринология – это наука об эндокринных железах и лечении заболеваний, поражающих эти железы.

XIII. Read & translate the text “Endocrine System”.