– piggyback trailers, which are road-going semi-trailers capable of being lifted onto railway wagons as with swap bodies;
– bimodal trailers, which are specialist road trailers which can convert into railway wagons when connected to rail bogies at each end.
Drawing A.1 – Kinds of the combined transportations
World experience shows, that the token of successful development combined (including trailer on flat car service) transportations is deep technical and technological study of all stages of the logistical scheme of transportation.
Organizational these transportations are arranged by double image. According to one scheme tractors only deliver the trailers to a place of loading and leave them at cargo station. At station of destination the trailer will meet already other tractor and will deliver directly to consignee. Such way does not require inclusion in the train of carriages for the driver, however the forwarding agent is obliged or is to contain double park of tractors, or to include in a transport chain of additional transport operators.
According to other scheme on special platforms all lorry van is loaded and assumes inclusion in cargo train the carriages too. Besides it assumes more precise appearance of autopassengers to a place of loading as already human factor joins here. But, anyhow, exactly such principle of the organization trailer on flat car service is preferred, for example, the Ukrainian carriers.
Such “exotic” transportations as trailer on flat car service, having appeared approximately 70 years ago, have received active dissemination to many countries of the world. However in the majority of the CIS countries, including Russia, trailer on flat car service are basically at a stage of testing of wagons and organizational schemes though idea of similar transportations is not new and attempts of their development were undertaken in the Soviet time and are undertaken during the postSoviet time.
In the countries of the Western Europe, the USA and the USSR were developed projects of transportations of lorry convoys on railways. The most viable on economic and technical parameters are the transportations of vehicles (lorry convoys, swap bodies and piggyback trailers) on special railway platforms with the lowered level of a cargo platform and on platforms with the reduced diameter of wheel pairs (system “iron highway”), i.е. trailer on flat car service.
Nowadays on foreign transport trailer on flat car service operate in Germany, Italy, Austria, Hungary, but the greatest success in this area the USA have achieved in which territory some companies on a regular basis carry out transcontinental transportations of swap bodies, piggyback trailers and bimodal trailers.
In Europe trailer on flat car service recently becomes more and more popular and to a significant degree subsides by the state. Most of them apply in mountain conditions; on directions where throughputs of motorways are limited, and also with a view of preservation of ecology in densely-populated territories. In these conditions administrations on which territory such trains pass, pay extra to railways up to the agreed level which, naturally, are above the cost price. The use of such kind of transportation is pursued some aims at once. The main aim is ecological. In the West they pay much attention to this question and in many countries the movement of lorries at weekends and holidays is forbidden. Besides trailer on flat car service unloads to a significant degree many motorways and promotes the reduction of accidents on roads. And at last, fuel is saved, and service life of cars is prolonged. One more positive factor is acceleration of delivery of cargoes and simplification of customs and other formalities.
Trailer on flat car service allows using advantages of automobile and railway types of transport at the same time. However in Belarus, as well as in other CIS countries, by several reasons they practically are not used.
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