Impact of economic activities on environment and natural resources. Water withdrawal from natural water sourcesfor use

The section contains data on the impact of economic activities on the physical environment and natural resources. Information is given on protection of water resources, atmospheric air, state nature reserves and national parks.

Water withdrawal from natural water sourcesfor use is the volume of water removed from surface (including seas) sourcesand underground watershed for further use. The total volume of water withdrawal includes mine water from metal or coal mines. This indicator does not include the volume of water flow through hydro-system units for generation of electricity, vessel lockage, fish passing, navigation water depth maintenance and others. The volume of water withdrawal for transit to large channels is not taken into account.

Polluted waste waters - industrial and consumer (communal) wastes, discharged to surface reservoirs without treatment (or after non-sufficient treatment) and containing polluting substances in quantities exceeding approved permits of maximum allowed discharge. The drainage waters removed from irrigated areas after watering are not included.

Stationary source of emission of contaminants into atmospheric air is a non-moving fixed-site process unit (plant, device, apparatus etc.) polluting the atmospheric air during its work. This category also includes other items (spoil tips, reservoirs, etc.).

State nature reserves are environment protection, scientific and research, ecological and educational establishments which have the aim to protect and study the course of nature processes, genetic funds of flora and fauna, selected types of plants and animals, typical and unique ecological systems.

National parks are environment protection, scientific and research, ecological and educational establishments which territories (aquatorium) have particular ecological, historical and aesthetical treasure and used for preservation of nature, scientific and cultural purposes and tourism.

4.1. IMPACT OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES ON ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES

¹⁾ Data from Rosvodresursy.

4.2. STATE NATURE RESERVES AND NATIONAL PARKS

4.3. AIR POLLUTION BY contaminants EMITTED FROM STATIONARY sources IN CITIES WITH MOST UNFAVORABLE ECOLOGICAL SITUATION ¹⁾

(thou. tons)