Лексический минимум по аспекту "Международный бизнес". Japanese approach to business, страница 3

slackening sales

knotty problem

acceptable safety standard

stringent = severe, strict, rigorous, tough

Text 4.

ethical reasoning

the benefits outweigh the costs

rights overridden by majority

to leave in the lurch

to deny rights

to deprive of the rights

right to privacy

to be at odds with smb.

to test with a polygraph

human dignity

equitable = just, fair, impartial, unbiased

stakes are high

to generate social tension

tricky = difficult, complicated, delicate, risky, thorny,

lopsided  result

to assign a high priority

to challenge priorities

a high degree of personal integrity

Text 5.

legality

law-abiding

lawbreaking

rig bids

illegal rebates

surveillance techniques

to dump wastes

to comply with safety regulations (with the law)

to be accountable for smth

Text 6.

sound ethical principles

to create ethical safeguards

on-the-job problems

to close ethical gaps

DEFINE: money laundering, ethics, whistle-blowing, ethics audits, code of ethics

THE WAYS TO PROTECT YOUR IDEAS

Text 1.

to protect against unauthorized copying

pecuniary benefits

patent grant

to raise government revenue

control over publication contents

milestone

limited duration

public domain

core = gist, essence, main point, heart

contracting countries

nationals of member-countries (citizens, residents)

non-union country

Text 2.

right of integrity

tangible (fixed) medium of expression

eligible for copyright protection

to subsist in original works

encompass = include, cover, embrace, incorporate, embody

to be protected by copyright

nettlesome issue

to lack originality

Text 3.

to grant (accord) exclusive rights

infringe = violate, break, contravene, transgress, encroach

fair use

to be covered by copyright

commonplace = ordinary, usual, routine, everyday

ambiguous = vague, obscure, indefinite, unclear

grasp = understand, comprehend, follow, apprehend, perceive

innumerable = numerous, countless, incalculable, unnumbered, myriad

flexibility = pliability, plasticity , pliancy

limited circulation

preclude = prevent, prohibit, make impossible, rue out

wilful / deliberate / intentional infringement

reimbursement = recompense, compensation, repayment

budding authors

excerpt = quotation, extract, selection

scrutinize = examine, study, inspect, survey, investigate

Text 4.

to affix a formal notice of copyright

to waive one’s right unequivocally

signatory (adhering)nations

Text 5.

under terms of license agreement

“shrink-wrap” license

ambiguity = vagueness, uncertainty, doubt, hesitation

circumvent = outwit, cheat, trick, fool

to bypass password control

Text 6.

indispensable = essential, vital,  crucial, key, high-priority

scruples = qualms, compunction, hesitation, remorse

to police infringement

DEFINE: intellectual property, copyright, “fair use” doctrine

WHITE-COLLAR CRIME

Text 1.

occupational crime

savvy investors

immune (from)= exempt, unaffected, protected

fraud – fraudulent – to defraud

to abuse one’s authority

bribe = kickback, gratuity, payoff, sweetener

embezzlement

detect = discover, uncover, unmask

induce = impel, coax, persuade, urge

wary = careful, cautious, prudent

Text 2.

securitia, securities-related crimes

manipulation = machination, intrigue, forgery

discretion afforded to brokers

the penny stock market

false = bogus, sham, fictitious, faked, forged

the over-the counter market

bankruptcy proceedings

bankruptcy petition, to file for bankruptcy

to force into bankruptcy