the author gives us different versions of the events changing the point of view / the narrator
the author lets the character speak for himself / demonstrate his features
the author uses a / an ... narrator / point of view / narrative method to tell the story
the author uses this figure of speech to emphasise ...
the author’s standpoint is ...
the characters are described from the outside only
the dialogues / descriptions play an important role in the story
the dominant point of view is ...
the events are narrated in the 1st person
the events are shown / related / filtered through somebody’s perception
the information is presented through the eyes of a minor / the main character
the inner world of the character is in the focus of interest
the main form of presentation is narration with some elements of dialogue / description
the narrator addresses the reader directly / confides his personal thoughts to the reader
the narrator enters the mind of / shares the viewpoint of ...
the narrator has a distinct identity of his own
the narrator is nonparticipant / in the thick of the action
the narrator misinterprets the events in the story
the narrator provides the reader with direct assessment of the events
the narrator reveals the characters’ thoughts / the personality of ...
the “point of view” character is ...
the reader adopts the author's point of view
the reader is made to pronounce his own judgements
the reader is stimulated to reflect about the events of the story
the story is a deep psychological analysis / a study of actions and events/ an outside observation of the events, etc.
the story is narrated/ told by a character who ...
the story is presented in the form of a dialogue / of narration / description
the story is told from the 3rd person point of view / the story is 3rd person narration
the story is told from the point of view of an omniscient narrator / objective narrator (onlooker / observer)
the story is told in the first person, which creates a sense of intimacy because ...
the story is told in the third person, which allows the reader to ...
the story told from this point of view is more confiding / more objective / extremely convincing, etc.
this point of view brings a personal touch to the story
this point of view exposes the reader to the thoughts of ...
this type of narration allows the reader access to the inner world of ...
this type of narration creates the effect of verisimilitude
to create a strong sense of the character’s inner reality
to deepen the reader’s understanding of the story
to enter a character’s mind, train / course of thought
to feel an emotional connection with a character
to give an insight into the inner world of the character
to give the reader a sense of identification with the character
to make objective observations
to make the story sound true to life / to increase the credibility of the story
we get a deep understanding of how an individual experiences the world
we perceive the world of the story / receive the story through the eyes of the main character
6. SETTING
a character’s background becomes central to the story a realistic / historical / fantastic / exotic / rural setting
the atmosphere / the character’s background becomes central to the story because ...
the author establishes the time and the place of the action as ...
the author is more concerned with social / cultural environment of the characters than specific physical objects
the domestic interior is the main element of setting / serves as a means of characterization
the idea is inconceivable without the specific setting ... the scene is laid ...
the setting acquires a symbolic meaning the setting contributes to the single effect of the story the setting functions / serves as a contrasting background to ... the setting has a symbolic meaning which can be interpreted as ... the setting helps to determine the characters’ hopes / aspirations / habits / desires / conflicts / fate, etc.
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