History of the USA. Early History of the American Continent. Native Americans, страница 2

1623 – two groups of English settlers established a fishing village in the area that later became known as New Hampshire (3). The same year the Dutch organized a new colony in North America. Later the Duke of York made a grant for this land to Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkley and they called it New Jersey (4).

1624 – a Dutch colony called New Netherlands was founded in the area of present-day New York. The Dutch bought Manhattan Island from local Indians in 1626 for about 24$! and founded the central city there called New Amsterdam. In 1664 the English captured New Amsterdam and renamed it New York (5) (in the name of Charles the 2^nd’s brother, the Duke of York, who got some of this land)16

1634 – king Charles the 1^st granted Lord Baltimore a charter to establish a new colony. Lord Baltimore was a persuaded Catholic and named the colony Maryland (6). This colony became a home of religious freedom because most if the settlers were Protestants.

1636 – Massachusetts colony grew so quickly that it was soon throwing off branches to the south and west. Thus 2 new colonies appeared – Rhode Island (7) and Connecticut (8).

1638 – the first and last Swedish colony in North America was founded. It was called New Sweden. Later it became English and was renamed Delaware (9).

1653 – Virginia colonists started to settle in the area that later became known as North Carolina (10).

1663 – king Charles the 2^nd created a colony of South Carolina (11) by granting the territory to his loyal supporters.

1682 – a new area was settled by the Swedish, the Dutch and the British. William Penn, a Quaker from England (Quakers were a Christian sect that did not recognise church services, proclaimed equality of men and women, were against all wars and rejected all types of violence), came into control over the territory that afterwards was named in his honour – Pennsylvania (12).

1732 – the last colony to be founded in the colonial period was Georgia (13). It was created as a territory for debtors and other poor people and at the same time it protected the English interests against the Spanish attacks from the south.

Thus by 1773 the English settlers had occupied 13 original colonies along the Atlantic coast. Later, as a result of the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), the British came into control over Canada in the north (before the war the territory belonged to France).

The northern colonies were industrialised and made great progress while the southern colonies were agricultural and here slave labour was widely used.

4. Civil War

1. Pre-history:

1. There was a very important issue that started the regional and economic difference between the North and the South of the USA – slavery. The North declared slavery a peculiar (странный) institution while the South regarded it an essential part of its economy (the economy of the South depended on planters – people who owned at least 20 slaves who worked on plantations). The poor whites of the South did not own slaves but supported slavery because they feared that if freed the blacks would compete with them for land and work.

2. The Abolitionists – the people who organized an anti-slavery movement (the Abolitionism). It emerged in the early 1830s and its goal was to stop slavery. The leader of the movement was a young man from Massachusetts – William Garrison.