monitoring of the police, videotaping police activity, and educating the public about police misconduct.
The US situation:
Similar to US alcohol prohibition of the 1920’s, current drug prohibition legislation breeds police corruption and abuse. A 1998 report by the General Accounting Office notes that on-duty police officers involved in drug-related corruption engage in serious criminal activities such as (1) conducting unconstitutional searches and seizures; (2) stealing money and/or drugs from drug dealers; (3) selling stolen drugs; (4) protecting drug operations; (5) providing false testimony; and (6) submitting false crime reports. Approximately half of all police officers convicted as a result of FBI-led corruption cases between 1993 and 1997 were convicted for drug-related offenses and nationwide over 100 cases of drug-related corruption are prosecuted each year. Every one of the federal law enforcement agencies with significant drug enforcement responsibilities has seen an agent implicated.
Russian situation through American eyes:
One of the defining features of Russian life since the fall of the Soviet Union has been the rise in corruption. Everything and everybody had their price. This included the police officers who would ignore a traffic violation for the right price or government officials who would use their offices as a means of accumulating wealth for themselves and their family. The Russian state has now launched a program to fight corruption. I have my doubts. Corruption is changing in Russia, but it is not disappearing. In the same way that power is becoming increasingly centralized, corruption too is becoming monopolized. Simply put, rather than paying many people small bribes, it is now necessary to pay one individual one large bribe to achieve the same goal. Below is an excerpt from the online journal Gazeta.ru:
First of all, the discussion centers on the changing model of corruption in Russia in the last two or three years where corruption went from a pervasive and largely "grassroots" corruption to a corruption of the upper echelons. By all estimates, sales in the corruption market is not growing exceedingly fast: for example, the World Bank in its 2006 report claimed that the the "corruption tax" collected as a percentage of [Russia's] GDP declined slightly. There is a significant increase in the average bribe, a trend confirmed by the regional polls, and circumstantial evidence. Simply put, the size of bribes has increased, while the number of bribes declined, and it is clear that there is a consolidation process whereby bribes paid stay within the higher echelons of power.
The overall tendency therefore is a centralization of corruption that parallels a growing centralization of power. Given that much of Russia's growing wealth is based on the oil and gas industry, the existence of a few monopolies (GAZPROM being a prime example) simply facilitates the centralization of the economy and the potential for corruption.
From Wikipedia
http://www.cyberessays.com/Politics/141.htm
http://www.drugpolicy.org/law/police/
http://www.iejs.com/Policing/police_corruption.htm
http://www.propeller.com/viewstory/2007/10/22/ny-police-corruption-soars/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nypost.com%2Fseven%2F10222007%2Fnews%2Fcolumnists%2Fcrooked_cop_cases_surge.htm&frame=true
http://anthrostop.blogspot.com/2007/07/corruption-in-russia.html
Topic 14: The best legal profession for me
A lawyer, according to Black's Law Dictionary, is "a person learned in the law; as an attorney, counsel or solicitor; a person licensed to practice law." The role of the lawyer varies significantly across legal jurisdictions. In England, "lawyer" is used loosely to refer to a broad variety of law-trained
Уважаемый посетитель!
Чтобы распечатать файл, скачайте его (в формате Word).
Ссылка на скачивание - внизу страницы.
