Tank Cars. The First Air-Conditioned Passenger Car. 58-Ton Hopper Car for Technological Chips. Municipal Transport System in Moscow. Railway Transport Development in our country

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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА

КАФЕДРА «ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ»

Test text №

Tank Cars

Liquid freight, such, as oil, acid, wine, milk or mineral water, may be transported in tank сагs. A tank car has a long, cylindrical tank. On the top of the tank is a dome, with an opening through which the tank is filled and sometimes emptied.

Most tank cars are unloaded by drawing off their contents through a valve in the bottom of the tank.

Tank cars carrying acids or other dangerous liquids are unloaded either by sucking their contents out through the dome of the car or by pumping compressed air into the tank and “blowing” the contents out through the dome. Some liquids form gas if they become too warm, and tank ears have safety valves, which open and permit the gas to escape when the pressure reaches a certain point.

Most tank cars are built of steel, but tank cars made of other materials, such as aluminium or wood, are also used. Some of the tank cars which carry acids are lined with lead or rubber because some acids will eat through ordinary steel. Таnk cars used to carry other chemicals may be lined with nickel or with stainless steel. Tank cars which carry liquids which must be kept perfectly clean are lined with glass.

Many tank cars must have coils of pipe inside their tanks through which steam can be piped when the cars are being unloaded. These cars are used for transportation of thick gummy liquids that will not flow easily unless they are hot.

Утверждено на заседании кафедры

Протокол №10 от 24.01.2006 г.

Зав.каф.ин.языков                                                          Н.А. Гришанкова

Преподаватель-составитель                                          С.В. Иванова

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА

КАФЕДРА «ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ»

Test text №

The First Air-Conditioned Passenger Car

The first air-conditioned passenger car was a Baltimore and Ohio Railroads dining car, the Martha Washington. Its equipment was installed in 1930 by the Carrier engineering Corporation, which was one of the first engineering firms to urge that passenger cars be air-conditioned. The results of the first experiment were highly satisfactory, and the railroads soon found that there was a wide demand for more air- conditioned cars. For some years practically all intercity passenger cars on our railroads have had air-conditioning equipment of one kind or another. Several factories manufacture the equipment and a few railroads make their own.

A few years ago, during the second World War, manу servicemen found themselves forced to travel for long distances abroad non-air-conditioned sleeping cars behind steam locomotives. The grime and filth that accumulated in the train and on the persons of these unlucky travelers cаmе as an even worse shock to many of them who realized that hardly more than ten years before, these cars, with all their dust and soot, had represented the very height of luxury railroad travel.

Утверждено на заседании кафедры

Протокол №10 от 24.01.2006 г.

Зав.каф.ин.языков                                                          Н.А. Гришанкова

Преподаватель-составитель                                          С.В. Иванова


МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ

УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНВЕРСИТЕТ ТРАНСПОРТА

КАФЕДРА «ИНОСТРАННЫЕ ЯЗЫКИ»

Test text №

20-Ton Model 2BC-20 Dump Car

This car is designed for the transportation and mechanized discharging of bulk and lump materials.

Its high stability and low lightweight allow it to be used with great success on railways with a weak permanent way and on temporary tracks.

The strong and simple design and convenient servicing ensure reliable and economical operation of the car. Good access to all the units makes it possible to rapidly inspect the car.

The strong welded all-metal body is made from high-quality steel. To increase their stiffness, the sides are strengthened with angles and knee Places. Two powerful pin-connected air cylinders are provided for tilting the body to discharge the load. The sides are opened automatically by special mechanisms which when closed reliably protect the sides from accidental opening. The design of the car permits the load to be discharged beyond the contour of the rolling stock, that makes it possible to quickly free the unloading area for the next train.

The body is returned to its transportation position by its own weight.

The robust load-carrying underframe of the car is supported on two four-wheel trucks of the pivot type with soft combined spring suspension. The trucks have strong cast frames, tyred wheels and axles boxes with plain bearings.

The cars are equipped with standard automatic brakes and couplers, which are successfully used for narrow-gauge cars of the Soviet railways.

On Customers' request the cars can be manufactured with brake-man's platforms and additional hand control of the brake.

Утверждено на заседании кафедры

Протокол №10 от 24.01.2006 г.

Зав.каф.ин.языков                                                          Н.А. Гришанкова

Преподаватель-составитель                                          С.В. Иванова

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