The Present Simple (Indefinite) Tense, страница 5

Affirmative			Negative			Interrogative
I we	shall	be working	I we	shall not	be working	shall	I we	be working9
you he she it you they	will		you he she it you they	will not		will	you he she it you they

Contractions

'll = will (shall) shan't = shall not won't = will not

USAGE

The Future Continuous tense denotes:

1. An action which will be going on at a definite moment

in the future. Indicated either by an adverbial phrase (at 3 p.m., at this time tomorrow, etc) or by another future action (usually in the Present Simple or Present Continuous in clauses of time).

I'll be working in the library at 10 tomorrow.

This time next week we 'II be crossing the PacificOcean.

The children will be doing their homework when

I come back from work.

I'll be buttering the bread while you are slicing the tomatoes.

You 'II recognize her easily when you see her. She'll be wearing a yellow hat.

2. An action which will be going on during a certain period of time in the future.

From 8 till 12 I'll be busy at university. I'll behaving classes at this time.

Will you be using your bike this evening?

Note that in Indirect Speech when the verb in the principal clause is in the Past tense-form the Future Continuous tense is replaced by the Future Continuous in the Past.

She said the children would he sleeping when she arrived home

THE PRESENT PERFECT

FORMATION

The Present Perfect tense is formed with the help of the auxiliary have/has and the Past Participle of the main verb.

Affirmative			Negative			Interrogative
I you	have	worked come	1 you	have not	worked come	have	I you	worked ? come?
he she it	has		he she it	has not		has	he she it
we you they	have		we you they	have not		have	we you they

Contractions: 've = have 's = has

haven't = have not hasn't = has not

USAGE

The Present Perfect tense denotes:

1. Completed past actions connected in their result with the present is often expressed by the adverbials 'recently, lately, already 'in affirmative sentences and the adverbial 'yet' in questions and negatives.

I've recently (lately) spoken to him on the phone. I'm afraid I've forgotten my key. Do you want some more coffee? - No, thanks, I've already had enough.

Has your younger brother left school yet? Slie hasn 't found the dog yet.

To show that something has happened very recently the adverbial just is used.

Mary has just gone out. Just now, however, which means 'a moment ago' is used with the Past Simple. Mary went out just now.

There can be no adverbial in the sentence when the present evidence of the result of a completed past action is clear from the context.

My mother is angry because I've lost my watch.

The importance of a completed past action for the present stands out clearly in complex sentences with superlative constructions, ordinal numerals or 'the only' in the principal clause.

It's the best salad I have eaten in this restaurant. It's the second time I have seen this film. This is the only place he's been to. This is the first time I've felt really relaxed.

The Present Perfect for completed past actions is often used with today, this morning, this week, this year, etc. when these periods are not over.

/ have written three letters this morning, (when it is still 'this morning')